Redefining Approaches to Mitigate Global Snakebite Burden in a Changing World: A Zoonotic Perspective

在不断变化的世界中重新定义减轻全球蛇咬伤负担的方法：人畜共患病的视角

• 批准号: 2887276
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2887276
• 关键词: Redefining; Approaches; Mitigate; Global; Snakebite

Snakebite envenoming constitutes a significant global public health crisis, with an annual incidence of up to 1.8 million cases and 20,000 to 100,000 deaths. Recent studies from Nepal and Kenya suggest that the actual burden of snakebites may be higher due to underreporting, as many people do not receive treatment at health centres. Snakebites are currently the only WHO listed non-infectious neglected tropical disease. Recent research indicates that modelling snakebite as a zoonosis provides a more mechanistic understanding and reliable predictions. This is because envenoming shares drivers with zoonotic diseases, such as land use change, agriculture, urban expansion, population growth, and climate change, leading to human-snake contact. However, the complex interplay between venomous snakes' ecology, anthropogenic land use, and climate change remains underexplored due to remote locations of envenoming's, underreporting, and societal stigmas. This research project, "Redefining Approaches to Mitigate Global Snakebite Burden in a Changing World: A Zoonotic Perspective," endeavours to bridge this knowledge gap, in alignment with the strategy and core skills advocated by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). This study poses fundamental research questions, exploring the ecological distribution, behaviour and abundance of venomous snakes, the impact of anthropogenic land use changes, and snakes' response to climate change. This is of importance as many snake species, such as vipers, are evolutionarily distinct species (EDGE) and appear on the IUCN red list. This study will also examine the influence of socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, education, and healthcare access, on snakebite incidence and burden, looking to find mitigation strategies that could be implemented at a community level, to lower the incidence of envenoming's. Using a multidisciplinary "One Health" approach, encompassing ecological, environmental, and socioeconomic data analysis, ethnographic and ecological fieldwork, and spatial modelling, our research seeks to gain insights into snakebite burden. Through this the PhD candidate aims to develop expertise in big data analysis, interpretation, and multifaceted data analysis, including ecological, medical, and anthropological perspectives. As well as gaining skills in communication, public engagement and outreach, ethnographic and ecological fieldwork, and technological innovations. Moreover, this study brings together findings from recent studies conducted in regions like Mozambique and Sri Lanka, providing essential context and highlighting the importance of preventive measures, such as protective clothing, education, and technological solutions. These community-driven strategies may effectively mitigate snakebite burden and reduce the socioeconomic impacts, which are especially prominent in rural regions. Additionally, the local context, including human behaviour and snake biology, plays a crucial role in designing effective preventative measures. With the support of leading experts in conservation biology, anthropology, and OneZoo, along with collaboration from organizations like the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and 'On the Edge,' this project emphasizes community engagement and global perspectives. This project's expected outcomes include comprehensive insights into the intricate relationship between envenoming and snake ecology, land use, and climate change, along with the identification of practical, people-centred solutions to reduce snakebite burden and their effects on snake ecology, conservation, and distribution. This research contributes to the One Health and One Zoo CDT framework and addresses a global health crisis, resonating with conservation biology, public health, and climate change studies.

Snakebite抗毒者构成了严重的全球公共卫生危机，年病率高达180万例，死亡20,000至100,000例。尼泊尔和肯尼亚的最新研究表明，由于报告不足，因此蛇位的实际负担可能会更高，因为许多人没有在卫生中心接受治疗。当前，蛇位是唯一列出非感染性被忽视的热带疾病的人。最近的研究表明，将蛇咬作为人畜共患病提供了更加机械的理解和可靠的预测。这是因为与人畜共患病疾病（例如土地利用变化，农业，城市扩张，人口增长和气候变化）等疾病的股份驱动力，导致人类纳克接触。然而，由于因素，报道不足和社会污名，有毒蛇的生态学，人为土地的使用和气候变化之间的复杂相互作用仍未得到充实。该研究项目“重新定义了减轻不断变化的世界中全球蛇咬伤的方法：人畜共患病的观点”，努力弥合这一知识差距，与英国研究与创新（UKRI）倡导的战略和核心技能保持一致。这项研究提出了基本的研究问题，探讨了有毒蛇的生态分布，行为和丰富性，人为土地使用变化的影响以及蛇对气候变化的反应。这很重要，因为许多蛇（例如毒蛇）是进化上不同的物种（边缘），并且出现在IUCN红色列表中。这项研究还将研究社会经济因素（例如贫困，教育和医疗保健获取）对蛇咬发生率和负担的影响，希望找到可以在社区一级实施的缓解策略，以降低Envenoming的发生率。我们的研究使用多学科的“一个健康”方法，包括生态，环境和社会经济数据分析，人种学和生态实地考察以及空间建模，我们的研究旨在洞悉蛇咬负担。通过此，博士候选人旨在在大数据分析，解释和多方面数据分析（包括生态，医学和人类学观点）方面发展专业知识。以及在沟通，公众参与和外展，人种学和生态野外工作以及技术创新方面获得技能。此外，这项研究汇集了在莫桑比克和斯里兰卡等地区进行的最新研究的发现，提供了必不可少的背景并强调了预防措施的重要性，例如保护服装，教育和技术解决方案。这些以社区为导向的策略可以有效减轻蛇咬负担，并减少社会经济影响，这在农村地区尤为突出。此外，包括人类行为和蛇生物学在内的局部情况在设计有效的预防措施中起着至关重要的作用。在保护生物学，人类学和Onezoo领域的主要专家的支持下，以及诸如伦敦动物学学会（ZSL）和“在边缘”等组织的合作，该项目强调了社区参与和全球视角。该项目的预期结果包括综合见解融合的与蛇生态学，土地使用和气候变化之间的复杂关系，以及确定以人为中心的解决方案，以减轻蛇咬负担及其对蛇生态，保护和分布的影响。这项研究为一个健康和一个动物园CDT框架做出了贡献，并解决了全球健康危机，与保护生物学，公共卫生和气候变化研究共鸣。