Pheromones, Pathogens and Pesticides: How do these interact to affect the health and productivity of social and solitary bees?

信息素、病原体和杀虫剂：它们如何相互作用来影响群居和独居蜜蜂的健康和生产力？

• 批准号: 2887261
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2887261
• 关键词: Pheromones; Pathogens; Pesticides; How; do

Honeybees, bumblebees and other bee species are facing a multitude of threats from disease, pesticide exposure and loss of habitat. These threats have resulted in alarming declines in bee numbers, which is a concern for food security, biodiversity and conservation. Probably the best known and arguably the most important bee species for pollination is the honeybee, Apis mellifera. The honeybee and the bumblebee are the most extensively managed pollinator species globally and much of the research on bees has focussed on these two species. These bees are both 'eusocial' - they live in colonies with hundreds to thousands of individuals. In each colony, there is only one reproductively active female who is responsible for the majority of reproduction and workers carry out most other colony tasks. Because these eusocial bees live in large colonies they are susceptible to diseases, and honeybees, in particular, are commonly afflicted with several viruses and parasites.Pheromones are crucially important in all insects but especially in eusocial bees and act as a as primary means of communication regulating a range of behaviours in the hive including, looking after the queen, comb building and division of labour. There is substantial overlap in the behaviours modulated by pheromones in the hive and the sub-lethal effects of pesticides e.g. foraging activity, sucrose sensitivity and reproduction leading to the novel hypothesis that some of the sub-lethal effects of pesticides are modulated by pheromones produced within the colony. Pheromones are equally important for solitary species too and play an important role in mate attraction. The UK is also home to 250 species of solitary bees - these bees spend the majority of their lives on their own, only getting together to mate, and individual females forage, lay eggs and collect provisions for their offspring. Many of these solitary bees use the same flowers and honeybees and bumblebees, and so are exposed to the same pesticides and may even be exposed to the pathogens transmitted from eusocial bees via indirect transmission. Yet, we don't know if or how these environmental stressors affect the health, mating and reproduction of solitary bees. This project will combine behavioural ecology with molecular approaches to understand how pheromones, pesticides and common diseases affect social (bumblebees and honeybees) and solitary bees (e.g. the red mason bee) using a combination of laboratory and field-studies.

蜜蜂，大黄蜂和其他蜜蜂物种面临着疾病，农药暴露和栖息地丧失的多种威胁。这些威胁导致蜜蜂数量的下降令人震惊，这是粮食安全，生物多样性和保护的关注点。可能是最著名的，可以说是授粉最重要的蜜蜂物种，是蜜蜂，Apis Mellifera。 Honeybee和Bumblebee是全球管理最广泛的传粉媒介物种，对蜜蜂的大部分研究都集中在这两种物种上。这些蜜蜂都是“ Eusocial”的 - 它们生活在数百万人的殖民地中。在每个殖民地中，只有一名生殖活跃的女性负责大多数繁殖，工人执行大多数其他殖民地任务。由于这些互联蜜蜂生活在大菌群中，因此尤其是蜜蜂通常会遭受多种病毒和寄生虫的折磨。在所有昆虫中，皮肤素在所有昆虫中至关重要，尤其是在Esocial Bees中，但在众所周知的行为范围内，尤其是作为Queen，众所周知的Quamen和ander ange angem angem ange and of Quorg angemem angem nek and Ombs Groum angem nek and Ombs angem angem necy，又是综合众多的行为。蜂巢中的信息素和农药的亚果实影响，例如觅食活性，蔗糖的敏感性和繁殖，导致了新的假设，即农药的某些亚致死作用是由菌落中产生的信息素调节的。信息素对孤立物种也同样重要，并且在伴侣吸引力中起着重要作用。英国也是250种孤独的蜜蜂的家园 - 这些蜜蜂一生的大部分时间都独自度过，只有彼此相处，而个别女性觅食，产卵并为后代收集准备。这些孤独的蜜蜂中有许多使用相同的花朵，蜜蜂和大黄蜂，因此暴露于相同的农药中，甚至可以通过间接传播暴露于从蜜蜂传播的病原体。但是，我们不知道这些环境压力源是否或如何影响孤独蜜蜂的健康，交配和繁殖。该项目将将行为生态学与分子方法相结合，以了解信息素，农药和常见疾病如何影响社会（大黄蜂和蜜蜂）和孤独的蜜蜂（例如，红色泥瓦匠）使用实验室和实地研究的结合。