Greek-Italic Relations and Indigenous Identity in the Archaeological Record and Numismatic Imagery of Sicily and Magna Graecia

西西里岛和大希腊的考古记录和钱币图像中的希腊-意大利关系和土著身份

• 批准号: 2877256
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2877256
• 关键词: Greek; Italic; Relations; Indigenous; Identity

Through an analysis of the archaeological evidence with a particular focus on the coinage, this project examines the connection between indigenous culture and the Greek-derived imagery on coins produced in the fifth - third centuries BCE by the South Italian and Sicilian indigenous groups.One of the most fascinating features of indigenous coinage is the implementation of imagery which first featured on coins issued by Greek poleis. These typological similarities are especially unusual as numismatic iconography is broadly regarded as conveying local civic identity and political autonomy. This raises questions as to why the indigenous groups copied Greek imagery. To address this and broader questions of indigenous identity and Greek-indigenous relations, this project offers an interdisciplinary study combining archaeology and numismatics. The primary research questions are:1. Does the material record at indigenous sites indicate a relationship between the issuing context and coin image produced?2. Is there a relationship between the indigenous use of Greek-derived imagery and Greek influence in non-numismatic contexts? 3. How do the Greek-derived types express indigenous identity and/or political autonomy?While studies recognise that the similarities between Greek and indigenous coins indicate a connection between the respective centres (Rutter 1979; Malkin 1987), this connection is often viewed as signifying the indigenous settlement's "Greek leanings" or "sphere of influence" of the Greek city from which the imagery was derived (Lomas 1995; Small and Small 2022).Coin catalogues like Historia Numorum - Italy (Rutter 2001), confirm that different indigenous groups across South Italy and Sicily employed Greek-derived imagery and sourced this imagery from multiple Greek cities. This underscores that the indigenous practice of adopting Greek iconography was pervasive. Therefore the practice cannot be explained by analysis of a singular "tribe" and/or a limited period. Thus, this project will undertake a regional study, examining an extended timeframe and drawing upon recent archaeological studies.Archaeological research offers invaluable insights into the indigenous adoption of Greek items and practices. Studies show that Greek ritual practices were adopted for worshiping indigenous deities and Greek manufactured objects were favoured by the indigenous elite in the context of aggrandisement (Fracchia and Gualtieri 1989; Morgan 2009). Current explanations for the indigenous use of Greek-derived imagery overlook such insights, accentuating the need for a study that incorporates the material record and the numismatic data.To obtain a regional cross-section, each chapter of this dissertation will address a territory (e.g., Campania) surveying the inhabitants, coinage, and broader archaeological studies (e.g., Horsnæs 2002). Each chapter will also feature at least one detailed case study, selected on the basis that the site has been excavated and its coinage shows Greek influence. Examples include Arpi (Apulia), Petelia (Bruttium), and the Elymian settlement at Segesta. Case studies will also be undertaken on cities like Paestum, a Greek city that issued coinage under indigenous control. To incorporate sites that produced limited coinage and/or have not been subject to detailed excavation (like Baletium), this project will survey the entirety of obverse and reverse imagery issued by the indigenous centres where Greek derived imagery was implemented. This survey will identify territorial, Greek-indigenous, and inter-indigenous trends while exploring the likely possibility that indigenous iconography represents an unrecognised category of numismatic imagery.By uniting archaeology and numismatics, this project will contribute to a better contextualisation of the indigenous use of Greek imagery. In doing so, it will provide the missing piece in understanding Greek-indigenous cultural networks, social relations, and ind

通过对考古证据的分析，特别是对货币的分析，该项目研究了土著文化与公元前五至三世纪南意大利和西西里土著群体生产的硬币上源自希腊的图像之间的联系。本土铸币最引人入胜的特征是首先在希腊城邦发行的硬币上使用的图像，这些类型上的相似性尤其如此，因为钱币图像被广泛认为传达了当地的公民身份和政治自治权，这引发了人们的疑问，为什么这种不寻常的现象。土著为了解决这一问题以及更广泛的土著身份和希腊-土著关系问题，该项目提供了一项结合考古学和钱币学的跨学科研究，主要研究问题是：1。发行背景和产生的硬币图像？2. 希腊衍生图像的本土使用与希腊在非钱币背景下的影响之间是否存在关系？ 3. 希腊衍生类型如何表达本土身份和/或政治自治？学习期间认识到希腊和土著硬币之间的相似性表明了各自中心之间的联系（Rutter 1979；Malkin 1987），这种联系通常被视为标志着土著定居点的“希腊倾向”或希腊城市的“影响范围”图像的衍生（Lomas 1995；Small and Small 2022）。硬币目录如 Historia Numorum - 意大利（Rutter 2001），确认意大利南部和西西里岛的不同土著群体使用了源自希腊的图像，并从多个希腊城市获取了这些图像，这强调了采用希腊图像的土著实践是普遍存在的，因此这种做法不能通过对单一“部落”的分析来解释。因此，该项目将进行一项区域研究，研究延长的时间范围并借鉴最近的考古研究。考古研究为了解希腊物品和习俗的本土采用提供了宝贵的见解。采用了崇拜土著人民的习俗在强化的背景下，神灵和希腊制造的物品受到本土精英的青睐（Fracchia 和 Gualtieri 1989；Morgan 2009）。材料记录和钱币数据。为了获得区域横截面，本论文的每一章都将针对一个地区（例如坎帕尼亚）进行居民调查，造币和更广泛的考古学研究（例如，Horsnæs 2002），每一章还将介绍至少一个详细的案例研究，这些案例研究是根据该遗址的出土情况及其铸币显示出希腊的影响而选择的。 （Bruttium），以及塞杰斯塔的伊利米亚定居点，还将对帕埃斯图姆（Paestum）等城市进行案例研究，帕埃斯图姆是一个在土著控制下发行货币的城市。货币和/或没有经过详细的挖掘（如Baletium），该项目将调查由希腊衍生图像实施的土著中心发布的全部正面和反面图像。土著间的趋势，同时探索土著图像代表了一种未被认可的钱币图像类别的可能性。通过结合考古学和钱币学，该项目将有助于更好地了解希腊语的土著使用这样做，它将提供理解希腊本土文化网络、社会关系和工业的缺失部分。