Collision and Cohesion: (re)negotiations of mortuary identities in England and Denmark (c. 800-1100 CE)

碰撞与凝聚：英格兰和丹麦太平间身份的（重新）谈判（约公元 800-1100 年）

• 批准号: 2880790
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2880790
• 关键词: Collision; Cohesion; re; negotiations; mortuary

The overall objective of this project is to evaluate the transformative effects of migration and changing religions upon mortuary identities in Denmark and Anglo-Scandinavian regions of England from 800 to 1100 CE. It will determine how Scandinavian migrants navigated encounters with new peoples, places, and ideas, and how these influenced pre-existing burial practices. As England had converted to Christianity by this period, while Denmark was transitioning, it is crucial to assess the different negotiations of identity required by Scandinavians in an already Christianised region compared with "native" Danes responding to incoming belief systems.Evidence from burials is highly relevant to current debates on cultural identities, migration, and religion. Graves give us a unique insight into how the mourners choose to bury the deceased, constructing a mortuary identity potentially separate from lived experiences (Parker Pearson 1993). Subsequently, these staged vignettes provide crucial insight into the tensions associated with identity formation (Tarlow and Stutz 2013). Public discourse frequently co-opts "Anglo-Saxon" or "Viking" identities without evidential grounding, and these concepts are in dire need of nuance.This project will draw on the theory of intersectional identities initially coined by Crenshaw (1989). It defines people through multiple sources of identity, rather than just one, which carry privileges or oppressions. Our identities are never static but are reinforced through daily action (e.g. Stig Sorensen 2019). There is significant interaction (e.g. raids, migration, trade, religion) between Denmark and England in this period, making it an exciting case study. These individuals navigated various changing contexts and would likely evolve with these or reassert existing identities.Building upon a theoretical framework of 'conditional identity interfaces' proposed by my master's thesis, I will answer three critical questions:1. How did different facets of identity interact in the burials under scrutiny?2. Do these facets interact similarly between Danish and Anglo-Scandinavian regions?3. Which contextual factors contribute to the differences in mortuary identities?To answer these, I will produce substantial databases, building upon my MRes catalogue of 735 burials across 139 Danish sites. I can read Danish, and there is suitable literature for England, ensuring I can complete both databases to schedule. To explore these mortuary identities, I will conduct multivariate statistical analyses. I will holistically assess staged (e.g. constructed by mourners) and lived (e.g. biological age, sex, health) data, and choose specific burials for qualitative analysis. These comparisons are vital to identify tensions, (re)negotiations, and contradictions. For example, the famous Birka burial (Bj.581, Sweden), previously interpreted as male based on weapons in the grave, prompted important debates in academic and public discourse when it was genetically sexed as female (Hedenstierna-Jonsson et al. 2017).My research will substantially improve our interpretations of intersectional mortuary identities. It is a crucial interrogation of the complex network of interactions between these two regions. Recent projects have nuanced perceptions of singular areas (e.g. Moen 2019; Sayer 2020; Slotten 2021), but can be disconnected. This project will produce a more dynamic and articulated picture of the widely-influential relationship between England and Denmark in this period.

该项目的总体目的是评估丹麦和英格兰盎格鲁 - 斯南 - 肯尼亚州的宗教对宗教的变革性影响，从公元800年到1100年。它将决定斯堪的纳维亚移民如何与新民族，地方和思想相遇，以及这些如何影响现有的葬礼。由于这一时期英格兰已转变为基督教，而丹麦正过渡时，与“本地”丹麦人对埋葬的信仰体系的反应相比，斯堪的纳维亚人在已经基督教的地区所要求的身份的不同谈判至关重要。坟墓为我们提供了一个独特的见解，了解送葬者如何选择埋葬死者，建造了一个可能与生活经历分开的太平间身份（Parker Pearson 1993）。随后，这些分阶段的小插图对与身份形成相关的紧张局势提供了至关重要的见解（Tarlow and Stutz 2013）。公共话语经常在没有证据基础的情况下选择“盎格鲁 - 撒克逊人”或“维京人”身份，并且这些概念迫切需要细微差别。该项目将借鉴Crenshaw（1989）最初创造的交叉认同理论。它通过多种身份来源来定义人们，而不仅仅是一个具有特权或压迫的人。我们的身份从来都不是静态的，但是通过日常行动加强（例如Stig Sorensen 2019）。在此期间，丹麦和英格兰之间存在着显着的互动（例如，袭击，移民，贸易，宗教），这使它成为一个令人兴奋的案例研究。这些人在各种不断变化的环境中导航，并可能随着这些或重新确定现有身份而发展。建立我主人论文提出的“条件身份界面”的理论框架，我将回答三个关键问题：1。在审查下埋葬中，不同的身份方面如何相互作用？2。这些方面在丹麦和盎格鲁 - 史纳维亚地区之间的相互作用相似吗？3。哪些上下文因素导致了太平间身份的差异？要回答这些情况，我将在我在139个丹麦遗址的735个葬礼的MRES目录基础上产生大量数据库。我可以阅读丹麦语，并且有适合英格兰的文献，以确保我可以完成两个数据库进行安排。为了探索这些太平间身份，我将进行多元统计分析。我将整体评估上演（例如由送葬者建造）并生活（例如生物年龄，性别，健康）数据，并选择特定的埋葬来进行定性分析。这些比较对于确定紧张局势，（重新）谈判和矛盾至关重要。例如，著名的Birka葬礼（BJ.581，瑞典）以前被解释为基于坟墓中的武器的男性，促使学术和公共话语中的重要辩论是在基因性分性中为女性的（Hedenstierna-Jonsson等人，2017年）。这是对这两个区域之间复杂相互作用的复杂网络的关键审问。最近的项目对奇异区域有细微的看法（例如Moen 2019; Sayer 2020; Slotting 2021），但可以断开连接。该项目将在此期间产生更具动态和明确的描述，即英格兰与丹麦之间广泛的关系。