Assessing the environmental and ecological drives of interannual variability in the life histories and population dynamics of icefishes (Family Channi

评估冰鱼生命史和种群动态的年际变化的环境和生态驱动力（Family Channi

• 批准号: 2879084
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2879084
• 关键词: Assessing; environmental; ecological; drives; interannual

The sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia is a hotspot of regional marine biodiversity in the Southern Ocean and supports high levels of endemic and range-edge fauna. It is also one of the fastest warming areas in the Southern Ocean. This means that many species may find toleration and adaptation to higher temperatures difficult. In addition, it is an important fishing region in the Southern Ocean. The management of the fisheries is conducted by the Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) under the auspices of CCAMLR. This means GSGSSI are managing fisheries whilst mitigating against longer-term changes in climate. A key component of the fish fauna around South Georgia are the family Channichthyidae, also known as icefishes. Icefish are unique amongst vertebrates, in lacking the blood pigment haemoglobin, an adaption that may make them particularly susceptible to future warming. Icefish also exhibit unusual reproductive behaviours with some species known to show nesting behaviours. There are three species of closely related icefish Champsocephalus gunnari (mackeral icefish), Chaenocephalus aceratus and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, which make up a substantial proportion of the fish biomass on the continental shelves of South Georgia and Shag Rocks and have undergone niche differentiation for successful coexistence. Champsocephalus gunnari is a commercial fisheries target while management measures are in place for the other two species. However, there are still important gaps in our knowledge of key life history processes, especially related to reproductive cycles and behaviour, and ecological and environmental drives of spatio-temporal variability in biomass and life history stages within these species.The main objectives of this project are to quantify key life history processes, demographic properties and resource partitioning in the icefishes C. gunnari, C. aceratus and P. georgianus on the South Georgia and Shag Rocks continental shelves. Given the differences in ecological niches for these species, it is expected that they will respond differently to fluctuating environmental conditions. At present, there are management measures in place which limit the total biomass caught as target or by-catch in the commercial fisheries, but further information is required at the regional scale to help inform the spatial management and maintain viable populations to help mitigate against future warming. Key questions which need to be addressed include:1) identify potential spawning locations, timings and nursery grounds and assess whether these are linked to environmental or bathymetric features;2) assess the environmental drivers of interannual variability in recruitment, hatching times and growth rates of larvae;3) assess the distribution of life history stages around the island and how they vary between and within years;4) quantify resource partitioning among life history stages of the different species.

乔治亚州南部的亚反南极岛是南大洋地区海洋生物多样性的热点，并支持高水平的流行和范围边缘动物群。它也是南大洋中最快的变暖区域之一。这意味着许多物种可能会发现难以耐受和适应更高的温度。此外，它是南大洋的重要捕鱼区。渔业的管理是由乔治亚州政府和南方三明治群岛（GSGSSI）进行的。这意味着GSGSSI正在管理渔业，同时缓解了气候长期变化。佐治亚州南部的鱼类动物动物区系的关键组成部分是Channichthyidae家族，也称为Icefishes。冰鱼在脊椎动物中是独一无二的，缺乏血液色素血红蛋白，这种适应可能会使它们特别容易受到未来变暖的影响。冰鱼还表现出异常的生殖行为，其中一些已知表现出嵌套行为的物种。 There are three species of closely related icefish Champsocephalus gunnari (mackeral icefish), Chaenocephalus aceratus and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, which make up a substantial proportion of the fish biomass on the continental shelves of South Georgia and Shag Rocks and have undergone niche differentiation for successful coexistence. Champsocephalus Gunnari是商业渔业目标，而其他两种物种采取了管理措施。但是，我们对关键生活历史过程的了解，尤其是与生殖周期和行为有关的知识，以及这些物种内生物量和生活历史阶段的生态和环境驱动器的生态和环境驱动力，该项目的主要目标是量化关键历史的生命历史流程，demosemant和资源分配。和粗岩石大陆货架。鉴于这些物种的生态壁细分市场差异，预计它们会对环境条件的波动有所不同。目前，有一些管理措施限制了商业渔业中被捕获的目标或征用的总生物量，但是在区域规模上需要进一步的信息，以帮助告知空间管理并维持可行的人群，以帮助减轻未来的变暖。需要解决的主要问题包括：1）确定潜在的产卵地点，时间和托儿所，并评估这些问题是否与环境或测深的特征有关； 2）评估招募年度差异，孵化时间和幼虫的孵化时间和增长速率的环境驱动力； 3）评估岛屿围绕岛屿和范围内的生活历史分布的分布以及在各种范围内的范围; 4量化的历史阶段; 4）; 4量化; 4）; 4）; 4）; 4）; 4）; 4）分配了各种跨度; 4）; 4）跨度分配了各种阶段。