Exploring how autistic adults engage in deceptive communication and detect deception.

探索自闭症成年人如何进行欺骗性沟通并发现欺骗。

• 批准号: 2866645
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2866645
• 关键词: Exploring; how; autistic; adults; engage

The prevalence of autism in the general population is 1%, but increases to 2-18% in forensic populations (Rutten et al., 2017). As autistic adults often display different social behaviours than neurotypical adults, they may be perceived as deceptive even when telling the truth (Lim et al., 2022). Consequently, autistic adults may be uniquely vulnerable to negative contacts in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Moreover, due to cognitive and emotional differences, autistic adults may be less accurate at detecting deception, increasing their risk of being victimised or manipulated. This innovative research will investigate to what extent autistic and neurotypical adults differ in their ability to deceive and detect deception, and identify causal mechanisms underpinning these differences.The Brunswick Lens Model serves as the theoretical framework for this proposal (Brunswick, 1955; Figure 1). At step 1, senders choose to lie. Autistic adults may choose to lie less than neurotypical individuals if they fail to recognise the benefit of lying (Lim et al., 2021). At step 2, senders display deception cues when lying, including unusual eye-gaze and body language (DePaulo et al., 2003). However, autism is commonly characterised by atypical eye-contact and body language, meaning autistic adults may display different cues when engaging in deception compared to neurotypical adults. Resultantly, autistic adults may be at increased risk of their natural behaviours being misinterpreted as deceptive. At step 3, receivers perceive cues to deception; neurotypical individuals may naturally perceive certain behaviours (such as atypical eye-gaze) as deception cues, causing autistic adults to be erroneously viewed as deceptive (DePaulo et al., 2003; Lim et al., 2022). However, if the sender is known to be autistic, receivers may not regard atypical eye-gaze as deceptive. At Step 4, receivers decide whether senders are lying. To accurately detect deception, receivers must understand the mental states of others, implement higher-order executive skills, and comprehend senders' social cues (DePaulo et al., 2003). However, some autistic adults experience difficulties with Theory of Mind (ToM), executive functioning, and social cue comprehension (Lim et al., 2021). These psychological differences may reduce autistic adults' deception detection abilities, potentially increasing their vulnerability to manipulation.

普通人群中自闭症的患病率为1％，但法医人口增加到2-18％（Rutten等，2017）。由于自闭症成年人通常表现出与神经型成年人不同的社会行为，因此即使说实话，他们也可能被认为是欺骗性的（Lim等，2022）。因此，自闭症成年人可能在刑事司法系统（CJS）中易受负面接触的独特之处。此外，由于认知和情感上的差异，自闭症成年人在检测欺骗方面可能不准确，增加了受害或操纵的风险。这项创新的研究将调查自闭症和神经型成年人在欺骗和检测欺骗的能力上的不同程度，并确定对这些差异的因果机制的差异。不伦瑞克镜镜头模型是该提案的理论框架（Brunswick，1955;图1;图1）。在步骤1，发件人选择撒谎。如果自闭症成年人未能认识到撒谎的好处，则可能选择小于神经典型的人（Lim等，2021）。在第2步中，发件人在说谎时会显示欺骗提示，包括异常的眼睛注视和肢体语言（Depaulo等，2003）。然而，自闭症通常以非典型的眼神交往和肢体语言为特征，这意味着自闭症成年人与神经型成年人相比可能会显示出不同的线索。结果，自闭症成年人可能会增加自己自然行为被误解为欺骗性的风险。在步骤3中，接收器感知欺骗的提示；神经型个体可能自然地将某些行为（例如非典型眼睛凝视）视为欺骗提示，从而使自闭症成年人被错误地视为欺骗性（Depaulo等，2003; Lim等，2022）。但是，如果已知发件人是自闭症的，则接收器可能不会将非典型的眼睛凝视视为欺骗性。在步骤4中，接收器决定发件人是否在说谎。为了准确检测欺骗，接收者必须了解他人的心理状态，实施高阶执行技能并理解发件人的社会提示（Depaulo等，2003）。但是，一些自闭症成年人在心理理论（TOM），执行功能和社会提示理解方面遇到困难（Lim等，2021）。这些心理差异可能会降低自闭症成年人的欺骗检测能力，从而增加他们对操纵的脆弱性。