Exploring how autistic adults engage in deceptive communication and detect deception.

探索自闭症成年人如何进行欺骗性沟通并发现欺骗。

• 批准号: 2866645
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2866645
• 关键词: Exploring; how; autistic; adults; engage

The prevalence of autism in the general population is 1%, but increases to 2-18% in forensic populations (Rutten et al., 2017). As autistic adults often display different social behaviours than neurotypical adults, they may be perceived as deceptive even when telling the truth (Lim et al., 2022). Consequently, autistic adults may be uniquely vulnerable to negative contacts in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Moreover, due to cognitive and emotional differences, autistic adults may be less accurate at detecting deception, increasing their risk of being victimised or manipulated. This innovative research will investigate to what extent autistic and neurotypical adults differ in their ability to deceive and detect deception, and identify causal mechanisms underpinning these differences.The Brunswick Lens Model serves as the theoretical framework for this proposal (Brunswick, 1955; Figure 1). At step 1, senders choose to lie. Autistic adults may choose to lie less than neurotypical individuals if they fail to recognise the benefit of lying (Lim et al., 2021). At step 2, senders display deception cues when lying, including unusual eye-gaze and body language (DePaulo et al., 2003). However, autism is commonly characterised by atypical eye-contact and body language, meaning autistic adults may display different cues when engaging in deception compared to neurotypical adults. Resultantly, autistic adults may be at increased risk of their natural behaviours being misinterpreted as deceptive. At step 3, receivers perceive cues to deception; neurotypical individuals may naturally perceive certain behaviours (such as atypical eye-gaze) as deception cues, causing autistic adults to be erroneously viewed as deceptive (DePaulo et al., 2003; Lim et al., 2022). However, if the sender is known to be autistic, receivers may not regard atypical eye-gaze as deceptive. At Step 4, receivers decide whether senders are lying. To accurately detect deception, receivers must understand the mental states of others, implement higher-order executive skills, and comprehend senders' social cues (DePaulo et al., 2003). However, some autistic adults experience difficulties with Theory of Mind (ToM), executive functioning, and social cue comprehension (Lim et al., 2021). These psychological differences may reduce autistic adults' deception detection abilities, potentially increasing their vulnerability to manipulation.

一般人群中自闭症的患病率为 1%，但法医人群中的患病率增至 2-18%（Rutten 等人，2017）。由于自闭症成年人经常表现出与神经正常成年人不同的社会行为，因此即使他们说真话，也可能被认为是欺骗性的（Lim et al., 2022）。因此，患有自闭症的成年人可能特别容易受到刑事司法系统（CJS）中负面接触的影响。此外，由于认知和情感差异，自闭症成年人在检测欺骗方面可能不太准确，从而增加了他们受害或被操纵的风险。这项创新研究将调查自闭症成年人和神经正常成年人在欺骗和检测欺骗的能力上有多大差异，并确定支撑这些差异的因果机制。Brunswick 透镜模型作为该提案的理论框架（Brunswick，1955 年；图 1） 。在第 1 步，发件人选择撒谎。如果自闭症成年人无法认识到撒谎的好处，他们可能会选择比神经正常人少撒谎（Lim et al., 2021）。在第 2 步，发送者在撒谎时会表现出欺骗暗示，包括不寻常的眼神和肢体语言（DePaulo 等，2003）。然而，自闭症通常以非典型的眼神接触和肢体语言为特征，这意味着自闭症成年人在欺骗时可能会与神经正常成年人相比表现出不同的线索。因此，患有自闭症的成年人的自然行为被误解为欺骗性的风险可能会增加。在第 3 步，接收者感知到欺骗的线索；神经正常的个体可能会自然地将某些行为（例如非典型的眼神）视为欺骗线索，从而导致自闭症成年人被错误地视为具有欺骗性（DePaulo 等人，2003 年；Lim 等人，2022 年）。然而，如果已知发送者患有自闭症，接收者可能不会将非典型的目光视为欺骗性的。在第四步，接收者判断发送者是否在撒谎。为了准确地检测欺骗，接收者必须了解他人的心理状态，实施高阶执行技能，并理解发送者的社交线索（DePaulo et al., 2003）。然而，一些自闭症成年人在心理理论 (ToM)、执行功能和社交线索理解方面遇到困难 (Lim et al., 2021)。这些心理差异可能会降低自闭症成年人的欺骗检测能力，从而可能增加他们受到操纵的脆弱性。