Individual differences in temporal predictions in speech: word segmentation and conversational turn-taking

语音时间预测的个体差异：分词和会话轮流

• 批准号: 2863885
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2863885
• 关键词: Individual; differences; temporal; predictions; speech

When processing speech, listeners use a variety of cues,including speech rate, to make predictions about upcominglinguistic content. How such predictions are made is likely tobe influenced by factors that vary between listeners, however:specifically, individual differences in working memory,attention, and general prosodic processing may all beassociated with variation in the use of linguistic predictions.A three-part study will test whether individual cognitive factorsaffect listeners' ability to track speech rate and, if so, whethercertain listeners are better at using timing cues to predict bothupcoming word boundaries and conversational turn-taking.Experiment 1 will test for associations between listeners'attention, working memory and prosodic processing and theirability to track speech rate by means of a finger-tapping task.Experiment 2 will investigate whether these individualvariations influence listeners' ability to predict upcoming wordboundaries (by finding a target probe in a string of nonsensesyllables) or interlocutors' turn-taking (by button pressing assoon as a turn transition is detected in recorded conversation).Experiment 3 will adapt tasks used in the second experiment,with the addition of background noise, to identify whetherindividual differences predict real-world listening performance.We expect that individual difference in cognition and prosodicprocessing will affect listeners' ability to track speech rate andthus to make predictions that enhance perception andunderstanding of speech. These findings will point to means ofsupport for speech-based interactions in infants with disordersof language development or in adults with acquiredneurolinguistics impairments.

在处理语音时，听众使用各种线索（包括语速）来预测即将出现的语言内容。然而，如何做出这样的预测可能会受到听众之间不同因素的影响：具体来说，工作记忆、注意力和一般韵律处理方面的个体差异可能都与语言预测使用的变化有关。一项由三部分组成的研究将测试个体认知因素是否影响听众跟踪语速的能力，如果是，则某些听众是否更擅长使用时间提示来预测即将出现的单词边界和对话轮流。实验 1 将测试之间的关联听众的注意力、工作记忆和韵律处理以及他们通过手指敲击任务跟踪语速的能力。实验 2 将研究这些个体差异是否影响听众预测即将出现的单词边界的能力（通过在一串无意义的音节中找到目标探针） ）或对话者的轮流（在录制的对话中检测到轮流转换时立即按下按钮）。实验 3 将调整第二个实验中使用的任务，并添加背景我们预计，认知和韵律处理方面的个体差异将影响听众跟踪语速的能力，从而做出预测，从而增强对语音的感知和理解。这些发现将为患有语言发展障碍的婴儿或患有获得性神经语言障碍的成年人指出基于言语的互动的支持方法。