MEASUREMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN YOUNG CHILDREN

幼儿执行功能的测量

• 批准号: 7012089
• 负责人: Clancy B Blair
• 金额: $ 48.25万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7012089
• 关键词: attention; attention deficit disorder; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; child psychology; clinical research; communication behavior; data collection methodology /evaluation; executive function; human subject; language development; learning disorders; longitudinal human study; mental disorder diagnosis; method development; preschool child (1-5); psychometrics; racial /ethnic difference; short term memory; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Executive function (EF), also referred to as fluid cognition, is comprised of working memory, inhibitory control, and attention shifting processes known to be dependent upon cortical circuitry associated primarily with the prefrontal cortex and to develop rapidly in early childhood. As a unique aspect of developing cognitive competence with a well-defined neurobiological basis, EF has been shown to play a central role in developing aspects of self-regulation important for social and academic competence and readiness for school. However, given the relation of EF to the development of self-regulation, there is currently no uniform measurement battery that can reliably and validly measure individual differences in change in EF in early childhood. There is an urgent need to develop such a measurement battery, particularly for use in the context of large-scale studies. Its absence limits knowledge of basic developmental questions regarding intraindividual change in EF and the relation of that change to the primary accomplishments of early childhood. Accordingly this application proposes to develop an easily administered, highly portable battery of working memory, inhibitory control, and attention shifting cognitive tasks to measure EF in 3 to 5 year old children; to utilize item response theory to establish the psychometric properties and scoring procedures for the measurement battery in a cross sectional sample of 300 children age 3 to 5 years; to collect data on developmental change using the EF battery with a racially and economically diverse, epidemiologically derived sample of 600 children that are being followed from birth to age 3 in a study known as the Family Life Project and that will be followed from ages 3 to 5 years under this application to create a normative database for the newly developed EF measurement battery; and to establish the validity of the EF measurement battery with the normative sample of 600 by determining the extent to which performance on the battery accounts for unique variance over and above that associated with general intelligence and language ability in standardized laboratory and teacher and parent report measures of social and academic competence and emotional reactivity and effortful control, and by determining the extent to which the battery identifies EF deficits in low severity/high incidence developmental disorders such as learning disability and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

描述（由申请人提供）：执行功能（EF），也称为流体认知，由工作记忆、抑制控制和注意力转移过程组成，已知这些过程依赖于主要与前额叶皮层相关的皮层回路，并且发展迅速在幼儿期。作为具有明确神经生物学基础的认知能力发展的一个独特方面，EF 已被证明在发展自我调节方面发挥着核心作用，这对于社会和学术能力以及入学准备至关重要。然而，考虑到EF与自我调节发展的关系，目前还没有统一的测量方法能够可靠、有效地测量幼儿期EF变化的个体差异。迫切需要开发这种测量电池，特别是在大规模研究中使用。它的缺失限制了对有关 EF 个体内变化以及该变化与幼儿期主要成就之间关系的基本发展问题的了解。因此，本申请建议开发一种易于管理、高度便携的工作记忆、抑制控制和注意力转移认知任务电池，以测量 3 至 5 岁儿童的 EF；利用项目反应理论，在 300 名 3 至 5 岁儿童的横截面样本中建立测量电池的心理测量特性和评分程序；使用 EF 电池收集发育变化数据，该样本包含 600 名种族和经济多样化、流行病学得出的儿童样本，在一项名为“家庭生活项目”的研究中对这些儿童从出生到 3 岁进行跟踪，该研究将从 3 岁到 3 岁进行跟踪在此申请下5年为新开发的EF测量电池创建规范数据库；并通过确定电池性能在标准化实验室以及教师和家长报告测量中与一般智力和语言能力相关的独特方差的程度来确定 EF 测量电池的有效性，标准样本为 600社交和学术能力、情绪反应性和努力控制，并通过确定电池识别低严重性/高发生率发育障碍（例如学习障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍）的 EF 缺陷的程度。