NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SPEECH PERCEPTION IN NOISE

噪声中语音感知的神经网络

• 批准号: 7194239
• 负责人: LEE M MILLER
• 金额: $ 29.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7194239
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; American; Area; Auditory; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Brain region; Broca' s area; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Comprehension; Condition; Cues; Daily; Devices; Diagnosis; Drug Formulations; Environment; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Illusions; Insula of Reil; Knowledge; Left; Linguistics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Depression; Methods; Movement; Neurobiology; Noise; Oral cavity; Parietal; Play; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Restaurants; Role; Scientist; Secure; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Social isolation; Specific qualifier value; Specificity; Speech; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual Motion; Voice; Work; base; design; hearing impairment; improved; innovation; lexical; member; programs; relating to nervous system; repaired; research study; restoration; selective attention; sound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research addresses the neural bases of speech perception in noisy environments. With its singular role in communication, speech is perhaps the most important everyday stimulus for human beings. Yet rarely does speech occur under pristine conditions; competing voices, reverberations, and other environmental sounds typically corrupt the signal. This poses a continual challenge for normal listeners and especially for those with hearing loss. Among the 30 million Americans with hearing loss, many suffer depression and social isolation because of their difficulty communicating. In the half-century since the original formulation of the "cocktail party effect", scientists have established three key perceptual/cognitive factors that improve speech intelligibility in a competing background: acoustic cues, audiovisual integration (voice + mouth movements), and linguistic context. However, little is known about how these mechanisms are implemented in the brain, particularly at the level of large-scale functional neural networks. The proposed research uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) integrated with psychophysics to address the three factors that determine intelligibility. Innovative neural network analyses test how interactions among brain regions accommodate degraded speech and improve comprehension. Our specific AIMS are to identify the neural networks mediating speech perception in noise, when intelligibility depends on: 1) Acoustic Cues, 2) Audiovisual Integration, and 3) Linguistic Context. This research program comprises a multipronged and highly cohesive body of work that will help secure our understanding of speech perception to its neurobiological foundations. Relevance to public health: We study how our brains understand speech in a noisy background, such as at a restaurant, ballgame, or office. Research like this may someday help to design better hearing aids and similar devices. It may also result in more effective listening strategies, both for those with healthy hearing and especially for those with hearing loss.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究解决了噪声环境中语音感知的神经基础。由于其在交流中的独特作用，语音可能是人类最重要的日常刺激。然而，言语很少在原始条件下发生。竞争声音、混响和其他环境声音通常会破坏信号。这对普通听众，尤其是听力损失者来说，构成了持续的挑战。在 3000 万患有听力损失的美国人中，许多人因沟通困难而遭受抑郁和社会孤立。自“鸡尾酒会效应”最初提出以来的半个世纪里，科学家们已经确定了在竞争背景下提高语音清晰度的三个关键感知/认知因素：声学线索、视听整合（声音+嘴部动作）和语言环境。然而，人们对这些机制如何在大脑中实现，特别是在大规模功能神经网络水平上知之甚少。拟议的研究利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）与心理物理学相结合来解决决定清晰度的三个因素。创新的神经网络分析测试大脑区域之间的相互作用如何适应退化的言语并提高理解力。我们的具体目标是识别在噪声中调节语音感知的神经网络，当可懂度取决于：1）声学提示，2）视听集成，以及 3）语言上下文。该研究计划包括多管齐下且高度凝聚力的工作，将有助于确保我们对言语感知的神经生物学基础的理解。与公共卫生的相关性：我们研究我们的大脑如何在嘈杂的背景下理解语音，例如在餐厅、球赛或办公室。像这样的研究有一天可能有助于设计更好的助听器和类似设备。对于听力健康的人，尤其是听力损失的人来说，它还可能会带来更有效的听力策略。