CHAMACOS Community Based Participatory Research

CHAMACOS 基于社区的参与性研究

• 批准号: 6960256
• 负责人: Brenda Eskenazi
• 金额: $ 21.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-07 至 2008-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6960256
• 关键词: Hispanic Americans; agriculture worker; asthma; autonomic nervous system; blood chemistry; child behavior; child physical development; child psychology; clinical research; developmental neurobiology; disease /disorder proneness /risk; embryo /fetus toxicology; environmental exposure; human pregnant subject; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); interview; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); migrant; neuropsychological tests; organophosphorus insecticide; pesticide biological effect; preschool child (1-5); urinalysis

Although organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposures are widespread in our environment, their effect on the health of children is largely unknown. We have enrolled a cohort of pregnant women and followed their children until two years of age to examine the consequences of chronic low-level OP pesticide exposure on the neurodevelopment, growth and respiratory health of young children. CHAMACOS (Center for Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, meaning "kids" in Mexican Spanish) is a Community-University partnership serving the agricultural region of the Salinas Valley, California. Participants in the study are predominantly from Latino farmworker families. The children in this cohort are likely exposed to pesticides through the usual pathways such as ingestion of foods with pesticide residues, but, in addition, are exposed to the take-home exposures of farmworker parents and pesticide drift from nearby fields. If there are health consequences of low-level pesticide exposure, they should be most evident in this more exposed population. Preliminary data from the CHAMACOS study suggest that early OP exposure may impact gestational age, neurodevelopment, and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) functioning. The specific aims of the proposed project are to determine whether OP exposure in utero and/or during the postnatal period is associated at preschool and school-age with: 1) poorer neurodevelopment and behavioral performance; 2) slower somatic growth; 3) atopy, active asthma or asthma-like symptoms, and airway reactivity; and, 4) ANS dysfunction. OP exposure will be defined by levels of six non-specific OP metabolites measured in urine collected from mothers at enrollment, 26-weeks gestation, and postpartum, and from children at 6-, 12-, 24-, 42-, and 60-months of age. We will assess growth and perform a battery ofneuropsychological assessments (e.g., cognition, memory, attention, motor) of the children at 42- and 60-months, and obtain teacher and parent evaluation of behavior and school performance at 84-months. We will assess respiratory health by questionnaire, medical record review, blood analysis of IgE and Thl and Th2 cytokines, and tests of lung function and airway reactivity at 60-months. Due to our strong community partnerships we have successfully maintained this unique cohort, despite the difficulties of conducting a longitudinal study with a migrant farmworker population. This research will enhance our knowledge of the health and development of these hard-to-reach low-income Latino children living in agricultural areas and provide critical information for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act.

尽管有机磷 (OP) 农药暴露在我们的环境中广泛存在，但其对儿童健康的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。我们招募了一批孕妇，并跟踪她们的孩子直到两岁，以检查长期低浓度有机磷农药暴露对幼儿神经发育、生长和呼吸系统健康的影响。 CHAMACOS（萨利纳斯母亲和儿童健康评估中心，在墨西哥西班牙语中意为“孩子”）是一个社区大学合作伙伴关系，为加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯谷的农业地区提供服务。该研究的参与者主要来自拉丁裔农场工人家庭。该队列中的儿童可能通过通常的途径接触农药，例如摄入含有农药残留的食物，但此外，还接触到农场工人父母带回家的接触农药和从附近田地飘出的农药。如果低浓度农药接触会对健康产生影响，那么这种影响在接触程度较高的人群中应该最为明显。 CHAMACOS 研究的初步数据表明，早期接触 OP 可能会影响胎龄、神经发育和自主神经系统 (ANS) 功能。该项目的具体目标是确定子宫内和/或产后接触有机磷是否与学龄前和学龄期的以下因素相关：1）神经发育和行为表现较差； 2) 体细胞生长减慢； 3) 特应性、活动性哮喘或哮喘样症状、气道反应性； 4) ANS 功能障碍。 OP 暴露将通过从入组时、妊娠 26 周和产后的母亲以及 6 岁、12 岁、24 岁、 42 个月和 60 个月大。我们将在 42 个月和 60 个月时评估儿童的生长情况并进行一系列神经心理学评估（例如认知、记忆、注意力、运动），并在 84 个月时获得教师和家长对行为和学校表现的评估。我们将通过问卷调查、病历审查、IgE、Thl 和 Th2 细胞因子的血液分析以及 60 个月时的肺功能和气道反应性测试来评估呼吸系统健康状况。尽管对农民工群体进行纵向研究存在困难，但由于我们强大的社区合作伙伴关系，我们成功地维持了这一独特的群体。这项研究将增强我们对生活在农业地区的这些难以接触到的低收入拉丁裔儿童的健康和发展的了解，并为 美国环境保护署实施食品质量保护法。