Temporal Coordination in the Motor Speech System

运动语音系统中的时间协调

• 批准号: 7010336
• 负责人: KIRRIE J BALLARD
• 金额: $ 7.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-02-13 至 2007-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7010336
• 关键词: adult human (21+); aging; aphasia; apraxias; audiotape; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; biomechanics; clinical research; head movements; human subject; jaw movement; lip; neuromuscular system; speech; speech disorders; stroke; video recording system; voice

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research application aims to investigate how neuromotor constraints arising from normal aging and from impairment result in different dynamic organization of functional units during speech. Studies examine how multiple articulators (lips, jaw, and voice) are coordinated to achieve perceptually accurate speech under normal and mechanically perturbed speaking conditions. Individuals with the speech motor programming disorder of Apraxia of Speech (AOS) will be considered. AOS disrupts inter-articulator coordination. Research has suggested that specific muscle groups or articulators are dynamically organized, as functional units, according to neuromotor and mechanical constraints of the speech system. As a result, it is predicted that the organization of these units will vary as a function of the neuromotor abilities of the speaker and the demands of the speaking task. Under the assumption that the neuromotor constraints arising from the normal aging process and those of AOS are different, it is predicted that different patterns of motor organization will be found in speakers with AOS versus young and older typical speakers in response to mechanical perturbation. These differences in organization will be tested by examining timing of voice offset and onset and kinematic properties (relative displacement and duration for lip closure, peak velocity and acceleration of lip closing and opening) of the lips and jaw in the production of/papa/under typical and perturbed conditions. In healthy speakers, two speaking rates will be tested to determine whether speech rate can explain any effects of normal aging or impairment. Perturbation will consist of an unexpected 50 g load applied downward on the lower lip either early (approximately 70 msec prior to onset of lip closure) or late (approximately 20 msec after onset of closure). It has been suggested that response to early perturbations reflects motor programming processes while response to late perturbations reflects movement execution processes. AOS is an ideal system as it only disrupts the former. The DIVA neural network model is used to develop specific predictions and results will be interpreted in the context of this and other current models of motor control.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究申请旨在调查正常衰老和损伤引起的神经运动限制如何导致言语过程中功能单元的不同动态组织。研究考察了多个发音器官（嘴唇、下巴和声音）如何协调，以在正常和机械扰动的说话条件下实现感知上准确的语音。患有言语失用症 (AOS) 的言语运动编程障碍的个体将被考虑。 AOS 破坏了咬合架间的协调。研究表明，根据言语系统的神经运动和机械约束，特定的肌肉群或发音器官被动态地组织为功能单元。因此，预计这些单元的组织将根据说话者的神经运动能力和说话任务的要求而变化。假设正常衰老过程和 AOS 产生的神经运动约束不同，预计 AOS 说话者与年轻和年长的典型说话者在响应机械扰动时会发现不同的运动组织模式。这些组织上的差异将通过检查声音偏移和开始的时间以及嘴唇和下巴在发出/papa/under时的运动学特性（嘴唇闭合的相对位移和持续时间、嘴唇闭合和张开的峰值速度和加速度）来测试典型的和扰动的条件。对于健康的说话者，将测试两种语速，以确定语速是否可以解释正常衰老或损伤的任何影响。扰动包括在下唇早期（唇部闭合开始前约 70 毫秒）或晚期（唇部闭合开始后约 20 毫秒）向下施加意外的 50 g 负载。有人认为，对早期扰动的反应反映了运动编程过程，而对晚期扰动的反应则反映了运动执行过程。 AOS 是一个理想的系统，因为它只会破坏前者。 DIVA 神经网络模型用于开发具体的预测，结果将在该模型和其他当前电机控制模型的背景下进行解释。

项目成果

Neural control of the lips differs for young and older adults following a perturbation.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2411-3
• 发表时间: 2010-10
• 期刊: EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: de Miranda Marzullo, Ana Carolina;Pinto Neto, Osmar;Ballard, Kirrie J.;Robin, Donald A.;Chaitow, Lauren;Christou, Evangelos A.
• 通讯作者: Christou, Evangelos A.