Improving the efficiency of Solar energy systems by sustainable novel methods

通过可持续的新方法提高太阳能系统的效率

• 批准号: 2765686
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2765686
• 关键词: Improving; efficiency; Solar; energy; systems

In recent years, solar deployment has skyrocketed for several reasons: increased energy requirements, greater availability of incentives, lower costs, improved technology, more investment, ambitious climate targets. Combined with the high availability of solar energy, solar farms have grown larger and more widespread. The conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) are the most deployed methods. However, there are few shortcomings that face this industry: the relatively low energy conversion and high efficiency degradation with temperature rise. For commercial PV panels only 11-17% of incident solar radiation is converted into electricity while the remaining is converted to heat, with the efficiency decreasing further by 0.45% for every 1degree C increase in temperature.Therefore, if the PV panels can be cooled the electrical efficiency will increase. Furthermore, if the heat extracted from the PV panels can be used by another process (space heating, water heating, desalination etc) then the heat produced by the sun can also be harnessed increasing the overall efficiency of the solar energy system. Moreover, if the power demand of the system that extracts the thermal energy can be reduced the overall system efficiency is further increased. In addition, the extraction of thermal energy should be carefully controlled so there is a balance between the electrical energy and thermal energy extracted from the system to ensure the maximum overall efficiency is achieved. For example increasing fan speed will increase the electrical power demand reducing the electrical efficiency but will result in more thermal energy extracted increasing the thermal energy efficiency.

近年来，太阳能部署飙升，原因有几个：能源需求提高，激励措施的可用性，降低成本，改进的技术，更多的投资，雄心勃勃的气候目标。结合太阳能的高可用性，太阳能农场的越来越大，更广泛。直接使用光伏（PV）或使用浓缩太阳能（CSP）直接使用阳光转化为电能是最多的方法。但是，面临这个行业的缺点很少：随着温度升高，相对较低的能量转换和高效率降解。对于商业PV面板，只有11-17％的入射太阳辐射转化为电力，而其余的太阳辐射则转化为热量，并且温度的每1度C每增加1度C的效率进一步降低0.45％。因此，如果PV面板可以冷却，则电效率将增加。此外，如果从PV面板中提取的热量可以通过另一个过程（空间加热，加热，脱盐等）使用，则也可以利用太阳产生的热量，从而提高太阳能系统的整体效率。此外，如果可以降低提取热能的系统的功率需求，则总体系统效率将进一步提高。此外，应仔细控制热能的提取，以便从系统中提取的电能与热能之间存在平衡，以确保实现最大的总体效率。例如，增加的风扇速度将增加电力需求，从而降低电效率，但会导致提取的热能提高热能效率。