Variation and Quantitative Genetics in Model Organisms

模式生物的变异和数量遗传学

基本信息

批准号：
6741714
负责人：
Detlef WEIGEL
金额：
$ 3万
依托单位：
KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-01-01 至 2004-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6741714
关键词：
genetic models meeting /conference /symposium quantitative trait loci travel

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The molecular basis of the variation within and between species remains largely unknown. Standard genetic analyses in model organisms have focused on laboratory-induced mutations with large phenotypic effects. This type of qualitative and discrete variation contrasts with the variation seen in natural populations, which is mostly continuous. The genetic basis of the latter can be found in Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), each of which contributes only a portion to the entire variation. The phenotypic variation seen within or between closely related species also contrasts with the phenotypic variation seen between more distantly related species. However, that intra- and interspecific variations are two sides of the same coin, although a unifying molecular framework has not been developed. A better understanding of this framework is being resolved with new technologies such as high-throughput genotyping, new statistical and computational methods, comprehensive transcriptome and proteome profiling, as well as opportunities to compare entire genomes between closely and distantly related organisms. Understanding the molecular basis of natural variation has important implications both for understanding the evolution of new traits, as well as for understanding how selection has shaped genomes, including the human genome. This is a very important topic, as it is only poorly understood why apparently detrimental alleles persist in the human population, where they contribute to many diseases with a strong genetic component. The meeting will focus both on animal and plant model organisms, in which the use of quantitative genetics is experiencing a renaissance. The molecular study of QTL, which have been traced back to individual genes, is allowing conclusions as to the type of genes and changes that underlie quantitative phenotypic variation. A second focus will be recent discoveries of how changes in key regulatory factors cause major phenotypic differences in more distantly related taxa.

描述（由申请人提供）：物种内部和物种之间变异的分子基础仍然很大程度上未知。模式生物的标准遗传分析主要集中于实验室诱导的具有较大表型效应的突变。这种定性和离散的变化与自然种群中看到的变化形成鲜明对比，后者大多是连续的。后者的遗传基础可以在数量性状基因座（QTL）中找到，每个性状基因座仅贡献整个变异的一部分。在密切相关的物种内部或之间观察到的表型变异也与关系较远的物种之间观察到的表型变异形成对比。然而，尽管尚未开发出统一的分子框架，但种内和种间变异是同一枚硬币的两个方面。人们正在通过新技术更好地理解这一框架，例如高通量基因分型、新的统计和计算方法、全面的转录组和蛋白质组分析，以及比较密切相关和疏远相关生物体之间的整个基因组的机会。了解自然变异的分子基础对于了解新性状的进化以及了解选择如何塑造基因组（包括人类基因组）具有重要意义。这是一个非常重要的话题，因为人们对为什么明显有害的等位基因在人群中持续存在的原因知之甚少，它们导致了许多具有强大遗传成分的疾病。会议将重点关注动物和植物模型生物，其中定量遗传学的使用正在经历复兴。 QTL 的分子研究可以追溯到单个基因，可以得出关于基因类型和数量表型变异背后的变化的结论。第二个焦点是最近发现的关键调控因素的变化如何导致关系较远的类群出现重大表型差异。