CEPHALIC RESPONSES AND MEAL FEEDING

头部反应和膳食喂养

• 批准号: 7038941
• 负责人: STEPHEN C WOODS
• 金额: $ 30.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-15 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7038941
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; diet route /schedule; eating; glucose clamp technique; glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity /resistance; laboratory mouse; laboratory rat; neuroregulation; nutrition related tag; pancreatic islets; radioimmunoassay; response generalization; satiations

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Numerous systems participate in the integrated processes that cause an animal to seek and ingest food, and to stop eating when more food is available. This project relates to the acute effects of ingesting large numbers of calories at 1 time, for whereas supplying new nutrients to the body is the ultimate goal of eating, it can only be accomplished by perturbing the delicate balance of circulating nutrients, at least on a temporary basis. Because of this, animals have evolved elaborate strategies to minimize the acute impact of meals on blood glucose and other nutrients. Many of these adaptive responses are made in anticipation of eating large meals, and they and their consequences are the focus of this proposal. We have also found that meal-fed animals that consume all of their daily food in a short period of time have greatly improved glucose tolerance at the time they are expecting food. The goal of this project is to understand the mechanisms underlying this adaptation in order to inform future therapies. Based upon our novel observations, we have developed 3 specific aims. Specific Aim 1 will utilize euglycemic hyperinsulinemic or hyperglycemic clamps to identify the metabolic adaptations responsible for improved glucose tolerance, testing specific hypotheses concerning changes in peripheral insulin resistance, glucose disposal rate and/or B-cell function. These experiments will utilize laboratory rats and mice. Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that a comparable battery of food anticipatory responses occurs when ad lib-fed rats anticipate eating large meals. Specific Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that meal-fed rats are enabled to eat large amounts of food in a short period of time because they have become relatively unresponsive to satiety signals. This project will identify behavioral approaches that improve glucose tolerance. Because impaired glucose tolerance is a major symptom of diabetes mellitus and many instances of obesity, and because most current therapies achieve only modest improvements in glucose tolerance, the proposed research has considerable and compelling health implications; i.e., based on the proposed research, novel therapies for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance might include specific eating regimens that would yield powerful health benefits to complement pharmacological approaches.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多系统参与了导致动物寻求和摄取食物的综合过程，并在有更多食物的情况下停止进食。该项目涉及在1次摄入大量卡路里的急性影响，而对于人体供应新的营养是饮食的最终目标，只能通过临时扰动循环营养物质的微妙平衡来实现。因此，动物发展了精心制作的策略，以最大程度地减少餐食对血糖和其他营养素的急性影响。这些适应性反应中的许多是由于预期吃大餐而做出的，它们及其后果是该提议的重点。我们还发现，在短时间内食用所有日常食物的饮食动物在期待食物时大大提高了葡萄糖耐受性。 该项目的目的是了解这种适应性的机制，以便为未来的疗法提供信息。 根据我们的新颖观察结果，我们开发了3个具体目标。具体的目标1将利用葡萄糖高胰岛素或高血糖夹，以确定负责提高葡萄糖耐受性的代谢适应性，测试有关外围胰岛素抵抗，葡萄糖处理速率和/或B细胞功能的特定假设。这些实验将利用实验室大鼠和小鼠。特定的目标2将检验以下假设：当AD Lib-fed大鼠预计会吃大餐时，就会发生一系列可比的食物预期反应。特定的目标3将检验以下假设：喂食大鼠可以在短时间内吃大量食物，因为它们对饱腹感信号的反应相对不反应。该项目将确定提高葡萄糖耐量的行为方法。由于葡萄糖耐受性受损是糖尿病和许多肥胖实例的主要症状，而且由于当前大多数疗法仅在葡萄糖耐受方面得到适度的改善，因此拟议的研究具有相当大的且令人信服的健康影响；即，根据拟议的研究，针对葡萄糖耐受性受损的个体的新疗法可能包括特定的饮食方案，这些饮食方案将产生强大的健康益处，以补充药理学方法。