Mechanisms of Visual Search and Attention

视觉搜索和注意力机制

基本信息

批准号：
7045987
负责人：
Alan C Kamil
金额：
$ 25.11万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-06-01 至 2008-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7045987
关键词：
Aves association learning attention behavior test behavioral /social science research tag cognition computer program /software cues digital imaging neural information processing operant conditionings sensory mechanism visual perception visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Organisms selectively filter sensory input, increasing their ability to detect some stimuli at the cost of decreasing their ability to detect others. This process, often referred to as "selective attention", is crucial to normal functioning in many contexts, and deficits in selective attention play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, unilateral visual neglect, and Alzheimer's disease. The research proposed here takes advantage of a powerful model system that uses operant procedures to test visual predators searching for naturalistic, hard-to-find prey under well-controlled conditions. This paradigm will be used to study the role of selective attention in determining responses to complex visual stimuli. This is of particular concern because the simpler geometrical stimuli do not place a sufficient demand on information processing capacity to enable selective attention effects. Emphasis will be placed on developing a more complete understanding of the regulatory dynamics of attentional processes and the relationship between different modes of eliciting attention. Key questions will include: What factors determine the stimuli to which an organism attends at any given moment? What are the cues that elicit the occurrence of an attentional state? Is attention to a particular stimulus configuration a single, unified phenomenon that is potentially elicited by a number of different cues, or can attention be primed by cues that engage different cognitive mechanisms? By addressing such issues in a naturalistic context with suitably complex stimuli, the proposed approach has unique potential for developing important insights into the nature and mechanisms of selective attention, making a significant contribution to neglected aspects of attention and visual cognition.

描述（由申请人提供）：生物体有选择地过滤感官输入，提高它们检测某些刺激的能力，但代价是降低它们检测其他刺激的能力。这一过程通常被称为“选择性注意力”，在许多情况下对于正常功能至关重要，选择性注意力缺陷在许多病理状况中发挥着重要作用，包括注意力缺陷多动障碍、单侧视觉忽视和阿尔茨海默病疾病。这里提出的研究利用了一个强大的模型系统，该系统使用操作程序来测试视觉捕食者在良好控制的条件下寻找自然的、难以找到的猎物。该范例将用于研究选择性注意在确定对复杂视觉刺激的反应中的作用。这是特别值得关注的，因为更简单的几何刺激不会对信息处理能力提出足够的要求来实现选择性注意效应。重点将放在更全面地理解注意力过程的调节动态以及不同引起注意力模式之间的关系。关键问题包括：哪些因素决定了有机体在任何特定时刻所受到的刺激？引起注意力状态发生的线索是什么？对特定刺激配置的注意力是否是一种单一的、统一的现象，可能由许多不同的线索引起，或者注意力是否可以由涉及不同认知机制的线索引发？通过在自然主义背景下用适当复杂的刺激来解决这些问题，所提出的方法具有独特的潜力，可以对选择性注意的本质和机制产生重要的见解，为注意力和视觉认知的被忽视的方面做出重大贡献。