LANDMARKS, BEARINGS, AND WAY-FINDING

地标、方位和寻路

• 批准号: 6528739
• 负责人: Alan C Kamil
• 金额: $ 25.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6528739
• 关键词: Aves; association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; biological information processing; discrimination learning; long term memory; neural information processing; orientation; sensory discrimination; space perception

Way-finding (or spatial navigation) is a vitally important behavior. Any disruption of way-finding mechanisms causes serious problems for many people. Although much is known about the mechanisms by which people and animals navigate through space, fundamental questions remain. Many of these questions concern how landmarks are used during way finding. In the research proposed here, a new approach emphasizing the use of absolute and relative directional information will be pursued with a particularly appropriate animal model, taking advantage of a natural system. This natural system involves an unusual degree of extremely precise spatial navigation using local landmarks. This research has the potential to yield important new information about the integration of different sources of spatial information that will be relevant to developing a better understanding of way finding at both the neural and behavioral levels. How animals find their way, how way finding is encoded, how it is represented and how it is remembered are puzzles still not thoroughly understood despite remarkable progress in the last 15 years. The proposed research is grounded in knowledge of the ecology and natural history of the subject species, Nucifraga columbiana, (Clark's nutcrackers). Individual nutcrackers face the problem in nature of relocating the many thousands of seeds they cache in the ground during the fall in many thousands of locations. The nutcrackers use this information to later return to these caches as their primary food source during winter and spring. The researchers intend to discover how nutcrackers integrate information from multiple landmarks, how such information is integrated with compass information, and how nutcrackers plan a route of visitation to a series of caches.

寻路（或空间导航）是一种极其重要的行为。任何 寻路机制的破坏给许多人带来了严重问题 人们。尽管人们对人类和 动物在太空中航行，但基本问题仍然存在。其中许多 问题涉及在寻路过程中如何使用地标。在研究中 这里提出了一种强调使用绝对和相对的新方法 将通过特别合适的动物来获取方向信息 模型，利用自然系统。这个自然系统涉及一个 使用当地地标进行极其精确的空间导航。 这项研究有可能产生有关以下方面的重要新信息： 整合不同来源的相关空间信息 更好地理解神经和神经系统寻路 行为水平。 动物如何寻路、寻路如何编码、如何表示 尽管它是如何被记住的，但谜题仍然没有被彻底理解 过去 15 年取得了显着进展。拟议的研究基于 主题物种 Nucifraga 的生态学和自然历史知识 哥伦比亚（克拉克的胡桃夹子）。胡桃夹子个人面临的问题是 重新安置埋藏在地下的数千粒种子的本质 秋季期间，在数千个地点。胡桃夹子就用这个 信息稍后返回到这些缓存作为其主要食物来源 冬天和春天。研究人员打算探索胡桃夹子如何整合 来自多个地标的信息，这些信息如何与 指南针信息，以及胡桃夹子如何规划系列的访问路线 缓存。