LANDMARKS, BEARINGS, AND WAY-FINDING

地标、方位和寻路

• 批准号: 6528739
• 负责人: Alan C Kamil
• 金额: $ 25.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6528739
• 关键词: Aves; association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; biological information processing; discrimination learning; long term memory; neural information processing; orientation; sensory discrimination; space perception

Way-finding (or spatial navigation) is a vitally important behavior. Any disruption of way-finding mechanisms causes serious problems for many people. Although much is known about the mechanisms by which people and animals navigate through space, fundamental questions remain. Many of these questions concern how landmarks are used during way finding. In the research proposed here, a new approach emphasizing the use of absolute and relative directional information will be pursued with a particularly appropriate animal model, taking advantage of a natural system. This natural system involves an unusual degree of extremely precise spatial navigation using local landmarks. This research has the potential to yield important new information about the integration of different sources of spatial information that will be relevant to developing a better understanding of way finding at both the neural and behavioral levels. How animals find their way, how way finding is encoded, how it is represented and how it is remembered are puzzles still not thoroughly understood despite remarkable progress in the last 15 years. The proposed research is grounded in knowledge of the ecology and natural history of the subject species, Nucifraga columbiana, (Clark's nutcrackers). Individual nutcrackers face the problem in nature of relocating the many thousands of seeds they cache in the ground during the fall in many thousands of locations. The nutcrackers use this information to later return to these caches as their primary food source during winter and spring. The researchers intend to discover how nutcrackers integrate information from multiple landmarks, how such information is integrated with compass information, and how nutcrackers plan a route of visitation to a series of caches.

寻路（或空间导航）是一种至关重要的行为。任何 探索机制的破坏会给许多人带来严重的问题 人们。虽然对人们和人的机制知之甚少 动物在空间中航行，仍然存在基本问题。其中许多 问题涉及在查找过程中如何使用地标。在研究中 在这里提出的是，一种新方法强调了绝对和相对的使用 方向信息将与特别合适的动物一起追求 模型，利用自然系统。这个自然系统涉及 使用当地地标的非常精确的空间导航的异常程度。 这项研究有可能产生有关 集成不同的空间信息来源 在神经和 行为水平。 动物如何找到自己的方式，如何编码方式，如何代表 尽管如此 在过去的15年中取得了显着进步。拟议的研究基于 对主题物种的生态学和自然历史的了解nucifraga 哥伦比亚省（克拉克的胡桃夹子）。单个胡桃夹子在 将其储存数千种种子搬迁到地面的性质 在数千个地点秋天。胡桃夹子使用这个 信息以后返回这些缓存作为其主要食物来源 冬季和春天。研究人员打算发现胡桃夹子如何整合 来自多个地标的信息，如何与此类信息集成在一起 指南针信息，以及胡桃夹子如何计划访问途径 缓存。