Can the 'geometry of crime' develop understandings of children's youth justice journey making?

“犯罪几何”能否加深对儿童青少年正义之旅的理解？

• 批准号: 2741083
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2741083
• 关键词: geometry; crime; develop; understandings; children

Many children entering the Youth Justice System (YJS) have already experienced significant socio-economic disadvantage and multiple complex (unmet) needs/problems stemming from, for example, poverty, neglect, abuse, discrimination and victimisation (Case 2021). These disadvantages are compounded by YJS contact as they can present barriers to access (e.g. physical, economic) and engagement with systemic support mechanisms (Brooks-Wilson 2019), whilst lateness and absence from mandatory meetings can in punishment (YJB 2019a). However, the multiple complex needs (MCNS) of children in the YJS (e.g. mental health issues) can make additional journeys, visits and service access more necessary, further compounding access and engagement problems. Moreover, children with MCNS entering the YJS can differ in the extent of their local knowledge garnered from the regularity/necessity of their journeys, for example, if they are in care and requiring multiple care placements-encouraging comprehensive local knowledge, compared to those living in poverty (potentially visiting fewer destinations/having limited transport access-generating limited local knowledge). Whilst the prevalence of socially-disadvantaged children with MCNs in the YJS is well-documented, the local navigational and service access implications of their attendant personal and social circumstances are under-researched.The 'Geometry of Crime': Enhancing understandings of youth justice journeys, contemporary youth justice practice is highly dispersed with multi-agency, single-sited teams (YOTS) releasing seconded staff back to parent organisations, producing compulsory requirements for children to visit multiple practice settings (YJB 2019b). Furthermore, intensive community sentences require up to 25 hours weekly contact time and attendance at multiple sites. Consequently, children can have multiple destination points along their youth justice journey (e.g. travelling to a group minibus collection point for community reparation), often requiring a quality of habitual 'mental maps' and complicated local knowledge (Brooks-Wilson 2020a, b) Carely acknowledged and often (wrongly) assumed in assessments, judgements of children's navigational competency and access support provision (YJB 2019a).The 'Geometry of Crime' (GOC) provides a theoretical framework to unearth new knowledge regarding children's navigation of their journeys through and access to youth justice support in the broader their habitual navigation of everyday life (Reid et al 2014). The GOC suggests that:familiarity with journeys, destinations, local areas, landmarks boundaries (e.g. impassable railway lines) and intersections (e.g. road junctions, bus stations) produces 'mental maps' for successful locality-setting navigation (Andresen 2020); life changing events (e.g. offending) catalyse new, unfamiliar journeys that can be complex, stressful and require more skills to navigate (Schmitt et al 2015), so optimal service delivery is achieved when service access, targeting and engagement are considered together. Research questions: 1. How can the GOC improve understandings of how children navigate their youth justice journeys? 2. How can policy/practice be refined through new knowledge on how children navigate the YJS? 3. How can child-centric methodologies be utilised to examine the GOC and inform collaborative working with children in the YJS?

许多进入青年司法系统（YJS）的儿童已经经历了重大的社会经济劣势，并且有多个复杂（未满足）的需求/问题，例如贫困，忽视，虐待，虐待，歧视和受害（案例2021年）。这些缺点是YJS接触的复杂性，因为它们可以呈现出障碍（例如身体，经济）并参与系统性支持机制（Brooks-Wilson，2019年），而强制性会议的迟到和缺席也可以受到惩罚（YJB 2019a）。但是，YJS中儿童（例如心理健康问题）的多重复杂需求（MCN）可以使更多的旅程，访问和服务访问更加必要，从而进一步加剧了访问和参与问题。此外，患有MCN的儿童进入YJS可能会因其本地知识的范围而有所不同，例如，与生活在贫困中的人相比，如果他们受到照顾并需要多个护理安置的本地知识，那么与贫困人士相比，他们需要多个护理安置的当地知识（与贫困人士相比（潜在地访问较少的目的地/具有有限的运输访问当地知识））。 Whilst the prevalence of socially-disadvantaged children with MCNs in the YJS is well-documented, the local navigational and service access implications of their attendant personal and social circumstances are under-researched.The 'Geometry of Crime': Enhancing understandings of youth justice journeys, contemporary youth justice practice is highly dispersed with multi-agency, single-sited teams (YOTS) releasing seconded staff back to parent organisations, producing儿童访问多个练习环境的强制性要求（YJB 2019b）。此外，密集的社区判决需要每周最多25小时的联系时间和在多个站点上班。因此，儿童在青年司法旅程中可以有多个目的地（例如，前往小组小巴收集点进行社区赔偿），通常需要习惯性的“心理地图”和复杂的当地知识（Brooks-Wilson 2020a，2020a，b）在评估中被判断，并在评估中承认，并经常承认，对儿童的竞争力和审判效果（yj）（yj）（yj）（yj）（yj）（yj）（yj）（yj）（yj）（yj）。 （GOC）提供了一个理论框架，以发掘有关儿童在更广泛的日常生活习惯性导航中通过和获得青年正义支持的新知识（Reid等，2014）。 GOC建议：熟悉旅程，目的地，地方区域，地标边界（例如，不可通知的铁路线路）和交叉点（例如，道路交界处，公交车站）为成功的当地设定导航（Andresen 2020）生成了“心理地图”；改变生活的事件（例如违规事件）会促进新的，陌生的旅程，这些旅程可能是复杂，压力且需要更多的技能来导航（Schmitt等人，2015年），因此在考虑使用服务，定位和参与度时，可以实现最佳的服务交付。研究问题：1。GOC如何改善对儿童如何在青年正义旅行中的理解？ 2。如何通过有关儿童如何导航YJS的新知识来完善政策/实践？ 3。如何利用以儿童为中心的方法来检查GOC并告知与YJS儿童合作的合作？