Quantum computing, simulation and error correction in a dual species array

双物种阵列中的量子计算、模拟和纠错

• 批准号: 2738537
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Strathclyde
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2738537
• 关键词: Quantum; computing; simulation; error; correction

This project seeks to develop a dual-species platform for quantum computing and simulation with neutral atoms, providing a route to implementing active quantum error correction essential for future scaling beyond 100 qubits. This hardware will simultaneously provide a versatile platform for analogue computing and simulation due to the ability to independently control inter- and intra-species interactions, providing a route to performing studies of complex many-body physics as well as increasing the diversity of real-world optimisation problems that can be tackled using neutral atom hardware.Over the last decade, neutral atoms have emerged as one of the most promising platforms for quantum information processing, with a major advantage over competing technologies arising from the ability to scale to large numbers of identical qubits as required for performing practical quantum computing. To date, several experiments have demonstrated trapping of qubit arrays with > 256 qubits. To couple neutral atom qubits, highly excited Rydberg states are used which have extremely large electric dipole moments giving rise to strong and controllable interactions. These can be exploited to perform high fidelity multi-qubit gates, with F>0.95 demonstrated for two qubits and intrinsic fidelities of F>0.995 for multi-qubit gates, or for performing quantum simulation of controllable spin models as required for studying materials or solving optimisation problems.Whilst there has been significant experimental progress, a number of challenges currently limit scaling to larger array sizes for hardware based on a single atomic species. The first arises from finite vacuum lifetime due to collisions with background atoms ejecting atoms from the trap. For room temperature operation, this is typically 10s for 1 atom but means only 10ms for a 1000 atom array. This can be solved by moving to operation at cryogenic temperatures down to 4 K where the cold surfaces cause significant increase in lifetime upwards of > 6000 seconds meaning recovery of times > 6s even for 1000 atoms. The next issue lies in the long readout time for neutral atom qubits, typically requiring 10-50 ms to readout qubit states. With a single species, the cross-talk and scattered light mean readout is destructive across the whole array, with no clear pathway to performing local measurements required for error correction to reach fault tolerant operation.This project will tackle these two challenges by establishing a dual-species neutral atom array within a 4 K cryostat to obtain enhanced vacuum lifetimes and providing the ability to perform measurement on one species (the readout qubits) whilst retaining coherent quantum states on the other species (the logical qubits). This provides a route to overcome challenges with local addressing and cross talk as the two species operate at optical wavelengths separated by 10s of nm.

该项目旨在开发一个用中性原子进行量子计算和仿真的双色平台，为实施活跃的量子误差校正提供了一条途径，对于将来的缩放量表超过100吨，必不可少。该硬件将同时为模拟计算和模拟提供多功能平台，这是由于能力独立控制和内部的种类相互作用的能力，为进行复杂的多体物理学的研究提供了一条途径，并可以使用中性原子的中性原子量的量子，并在量子上进行量子，从而提高现实世界中的优化问题的多样性。优于竞争技术的优势是从缩放到执行实用量子计算所需的大量相同QUBIT的能力。迄今为止，几个实验证明了用> 256 QUAT的量子阵列捕获。为了几对中性原子量子A，使用了极为激发的Rydberg状态，这些状态具有极大的电偶极矩，从而产生了强大而可控制的相互作用。可以利用这些功能来执行高忠诚度多Qubit大门，对于两个量子位和f> 0.995的f> 0.95用于多头门的f> 0.995，或用于对研究材料进行优化材料所需的可控旋转模型的量子模拟或求解问题的优化问题。当前有大量实验性进步，该物种限制了较大的质量范围。首先是由于与背景原子从陷阱射出原子的碰撞引起的有限真空寿命。对于室温运行，通常为1个原子为10s，但对于1000个原子阵列来说仅表示10ms。这可以通过在低温温度下移动到4 k的低温温度来解决，在这种低温温度下，冷表面会导致寿命的显着增加> 6000秒以上，这意味着即使在1000个原子中，也会恢复> 6s的时间> 6s。下一个问题在于中性原子量子位的漫长读数时间，通常需要10-50毫秒才能读取量子位。对于一个单一的物种，整个数组中的串扰和散射光平均读数是破坏性的，没有明确的途径来执行局部测量所需的误差校正所需的局部测量，以达到可容忍运行。该项目将解决这两个挑战，可以通过在4 K中读取量的数量来确定双物种的中性原子，从而获得了较高的量级，以使其逐渐读取能力降级，以增强真空度的范围（可增强真空度的能力）（在其他物种上保留相干量子状态（逻辑Qubits）。这提供了克服挑战的途径，因为这两个物种以10s的NM分离为10s。