Interpersonal Perceptions and the Placebo/Nocebo Effect

人际感知和安慰剂/反安慰剂效应

• 批准号: 7012815
• 负责人: CAROL J NEMEROFF
• 金额: $ 21.61万
• 依托单位: ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-01 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7012815
• 关键词: adult human (21+); alternative medicine; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral medicine; biomarker; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; emotions; expectancy; health; health behavior; human subject; immunoglobulin A; locus of control; perception; placebos; psychological stressor; psychoneuroimmunology; psychophysiology; psychosomatic disorders; respiratory infections; sign /symptom; social psychology; stress; virus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research investigates nocebo and placebo responses in relation to contagion via a bogus cold viral challenge paradigm. Positive effects of pharmacologically inert compounds, termed "placebo effects," have long been recognized. The inverse result, dubbed "nocebo," is when inert compounds evoke negative health consequences. There has been relatively little exploration thus far of how placebos/nocebos work in terms of mediating mechanisms or moderating factors. The proposed exploratory research will investigate whether "magical contagion beliefs" about the source of a cold virus can produce measurable effects on perceived symptoms, and mediators and moderators of those effects. In a modified version of the viral cold challenge paradigm, the proposed protocol applies psychological and physiological measures to assess participants' responses to exposure to biologically inert substances (saline nose drops) after they have been led to believe the substances are viral preparations from one of three sources: a morally neutral source (a virus pool), a positive interpersonal source, and a negative interpersonal source. The key question is whether participants will experience more (and/or more severe) perceived symptoms if the source was negative, and less (and/or less severe) perceived symptoms if the source was positive? Also of interest is whether a marker of nonspecific immunity, slgA, follows the same pattern as perceptions. It is important to note that both directions of effect are of interest - whether negative beliefs compromise perceived health and actual immune function (nocebo) as well as whether positive beliefs bolster perceived and actual resistance (placebo), relative to a neutral condition. Finally, the role of potential mediating factors such as mood, stress (as measured by cortisol), and specific magical contagion-related cognitions, and of potential moderating factors, such as background levels of psychological stress (daily hassles), health locus of control and rational-experiential response style, will be assessed as they influence susceptibility to placebo/nocebo effects. Repeated measures of perceived symptoms, mood, hassles, slgA, and cortisol, as well as open-ended and checklist tracking of specific cognitions and remedial behaviors, over a four day period, will allow assessment of how the various processes play out over time to produce effects. In sum, this research aims to identify cognitive factors that either promote or diminish disease perception and objective susceptibility, in context of a bogus viral challenge paradigm.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究通过伪造的感冒病毒挑战范式调查了与传染相关的反安慰剂和安慰剂反应。药理学惰性化合物的积极作用，称为“安慰剂作用”，早已被人们认识到。相反的结果，被称为“反安慰剂”，是惰性化合物引起负面健康后果。迄今为止，关于安慰剂/反安慰剂如何在中介机制或调节因素方面发挥作用的探索相对较少。拟议的探索性研究将调查关于感冒病毒来源的“神奇传染信念”是否可以对感知到的症状以及这些影响的调节因素和调节因素产生可测量的影响。在病毒感冒挑战范式的修改版本中，拟议的方案应用心理和生理措施来评估参与者在接触生物惰性物质（盐水滴鼻剂）后的反应，因为他们被引导相信这些物质是来自其中一种的病毒制剂。三种来源：道德中立来源（病毒库）、积极人际来源和消极人际来源。关键问题是，如果来源为阴性，参与者是否会经历更多（和/或更严重）的感知症状，如果来源为阳性，参与者是否会经历更少（和/或更不严重）的感知症状？同样令人感兴趣的是非特异性免疫标志物 slgA 是否遵循与认知相同的模式。值得注意的是，相对于中性条件，两个方向的影响都是令人感兴趣的——消极信念是否会损害感知的健康和实际的免疫功能（反安慰剂），以及积极的信念是否会增强感知和实际的抵抗力（安慰剂）。最后，潜在调节因素的作用，例如情绪、压力（通过皮质醇测量）和特定的魔法传染相关认知，以及潜在调节因素的作用，例如心理压力的背景水平（日常麻烦）、健康控制点和理性经验反应风格，将被评估，因为它们影响对安慰剂/反安慰剂效应的敏感性。在四天内重复测量感知症状、情绪、麻烦、slgA 和皮质醇，以及对特定认知和补救行为进行开放式和检查表跟踪，将能够评估不同过程随着时间的推移如何发挥作用，产生效果。总之，本研究旨在确定在虚假病毒挑战范式背景下促进或减少疾病感知和客观易感性的认知因素。