Gender Differences in Bladder Cancer Risk Factors

膀胱癌危险因素的性别差异

• 批准号: 7105325
• 负责人: Christopher A Loffredo
• 金额: $ 45.65万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-11 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7105325
• 关键词: bladder neoplasm; cancer risk; clinical research; gender difference; infection; smoking; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cancer of the urinary bladder affects 4 to 5 times more men than women worldwide. Cigarette smoking, occupational exposures and infection with Schistosoma haematobium are well-established risk factors for this malignancy. Furthermore, several genetic polymorphisms have been associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Important gaps in knowledge remain about synergistic effects between environmental factors, gene-environment interactions, and gender differences in bladder cancer risk factors. Egypt represents a unique setting for such research, as bladder cancer continues to be the most common malignancy in men in Egypt despite recent reductions in schistosomiasis, and the ratio of men to women remains consistently high; few women in Egypt smoke cigarettes (< 5%) compared to 50-70% of men; and in addition to the transitional cell type carcinoma that is predominantly observed world wide, squamous type carcinoma is very common in Egypt. We therefore propose to conduct a case-control study of bladder cancer in Egypt, with a sample size of 3,312 cases and 4 population-based controls per case. The Specific Aims of the study are as follows: 1) to evaluate environmental risk factors for bladder cancer, in men and women combined, including infections, and interactions among these factors; 2) to determine if associations between risk factors and bladder cancer are affected by gender; 3) to evaluate associations between bladder cancer risk (in men and women combined) and functional polymorphism in genes that mediate the oxidative stress response; 4) to evaluate interactions between environmental exposures and the candidate susceptibility genes, and to determine if gene-environment interactions exert differential effects on bladder cancer risk in men and women. Within these aims we will account for risk differences by histological type of bladder cancer (transitional vs. squamous). The results of this study will help establish the best preventive measures for bladder cancer in men and women, by appropriately directing the resources of the public health sector for effective cancer control.

描述（由申请人提供）：膀胱癌的影响是全球女性的4至5倍。吸烟，职业暴露和血吸虫血吸虫感染是这种恶性肿瘤的危险因素。此外，几种遗传多态性与膀胱癌风险增加有关。知识中的重要差距仍然关于环境因素，基因环境相互作用和膀胱癌风险因素的性别差异之间的协同作用。埃及代表了这项研究的独特环境，因为尽管最近减少了血吸虫病，但埃及仍是埃及男性最常见的恶性肿瘤，男性与女性的比率仍然很高。埃及的妇女很少吸烟（<5％），而男性为50-70％；除了过渡细胞型癌之外，在埃及，全球癌癌的主要观察到了全球范围内的鳞状癌。因此，我们建议在埃及进行膀胱癌的病例对照研究，样本量为3,312例，每个病例的4例基于人群的对照。该研究的具体目的如下：1）评估膀胱癌的环境风险因素，在这些因素之间包括感染和相互作用，包括感染和相互作用； 2）确定危险因素与膀胱癌之间的关联是否受性别的影响； 3）评估介导氧化应激反应的基因中的膀胱癌风险（男性和女性）与功能多态性之间的关联； 4）评估环境暴露与候选敏感性基因之间的相互作用，并确定基因环境相互作用是否对男性和女性膀胱癌风险产生差异影响。在这些目标中，我们将通过组织学类型的膀胱癌（过渡性与鳞状）来解​​释风险差异。这项研究的结果将通过适当地指导公共卫生部门的资源进行有效的癌症控制来帮助建立男性和女性膀胱癌的最佳预防措施。