Exploiting big data to understand access to greenspace in the UK

利用大数据了解英国绿色空间的使用情况

• 批准号: 2737544
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2737544
• 关键词: Exploiting; big; data; understand; access

Greenspaces provide valuable benefits to people; ecosystem services (ES). For example, there are over 62,000 urban greenspaces in GB, estimated to provide ES worth ~£130bn to those living nearby. These benefits can be broken down to different ES: e.g. food production (£114M per year), carbon sequestration (£33M), air filtration (£211M), cooling (£166M), noise mitigation (£14M), improved physical health (£4.4bn) and other cultural services (£2.1bn).While much research is done on ES in general, they are usually treated as static, and the spatial process by which people access ES are poorly understood. For example, to receive these specific ES, people need to be able to access greenspaces within the urban landscape. On average, in GB there are 1.4 access points per hectare of functional greenspace, with the average urban property having 4.6 hectares of green space within a 200-meter radius. One may think that distance to greenspace is the main contributor to its usage. However, how people access nature at a landscape scale is currently not known. This project will address this knowledge gap by combining theories from human mobility and behavioural ecology to understand the "movement ecology of people". Studies using smartphone data show that >50% of human movement is due to routine and that populations show hourly, daily and weekly movement patterns. Combined with behaviour ecology models (particularly foraging models, including: Marginal Value Theorem, Ideal Free Distribution, and Central Place Theory), we will consider how greenspaces are accessed via "human foraging" as people search the landscape for opportunities to benefit from nature. For example, as with other animals, humans may show complex "foraging" behaviour that simple distance metrics cannot capture. This will provide broader insights into how people access a range of ES, and develop a novel use of movement ecology ideas to the critical issue of ES.

绿色空间为人们提供了宝贵的效益；例如，英国有超过 62,000 个城市绿地，估计为附近的居民提供了价值约 1300 亿英镑的生态系统服务：例如，食物。生产（每年 1.14 亿英镑）、碳封存（3300 万英镑）、空气过滤（2.11 亿英镑）、冷却（1.66 亿英镑）、降噪（1400 万英镑）、改善身体健康（44 亿英镑）和其他文化服务（21 亿英镑）。虽然总体上对 ES 进行了大量研究，但它们通常被视为静态的，并且人们访问 ES 的空间过程是例如，要获得这些特定的 ES，人们需要能够访问城市景观中的绿色空间。在英国，平均每公顷功能性绿色空间有 1.4 个访问点，平均城市房产有 1.4 个访问点。 200 米半径内的 4.6 公顷绿地 人们可能认为距绿地的距离是其使用的主要因素，但目前尚不清楚人们如何在景观尺度上接触自然。结合人类流动性和行为生态学的理论来理解“人的运动生态学” 使用智能手机数据的研究表明，> 50% 的人类运动是由于日常活动造成的，并且人群表现出每小时、每天和每周的运动模式。生态模型（特别是觅食模型，包括：边际价值定理、理想自由分配和中心地理论），我们将考虑当人们在景观中寻找从自然中受益的机会时，如何通过“人类觅食”进入绿色空间。与其他动物一样，人类可能会表现出简单的距离度量无法捕捉到的复杂的“觅食”行为，这将为人们如何获取一系列 ES 提供更广泛的见解，并针对 ES 的关键问题开发出一种新颖的运动生态学思想。