Hybrid Layered Double Hydroxides for CO2 Conversion to Useful Chemicals

用于将二氧化碳转化为有用化学品的混合层状双氢氧化物

• 批准号: 2714594
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2714594
• 关键词: Hybrid; Layered; Double; Hydroxides; CO2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere have risen to over 400 ppm, as a result of human activities including the extraction and burning of fossil fuels for energy, and in the manufacture of a range of products in everyday life. In order to transition to net zero and keep temperature rises below the 1.5oC target of the Paris Agreement, two approaches are proposed - reduction in emissions through renewable sources of energy, and removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Upon removal from the atmosphere, CO2 can be stored or used as a feedstock in chemical synthesis, for example for polymers or methanol.The concept of the methanol economy was proposed by George A. Olah in the 1990s. Methanol is the simplest alcohol, composed of only one carbon atom, and can be used as a clean fuel, emitting only CO2 and water, and much smaller amounts of other toxic gases or soot compared to the combustion of fossil fuels. Methanol is currently produced from syngas, generated by reforming natural gas, over a metal catalyst at relatively high temperatures and pressures. However, alternative, more sustainable methods are currently being pursued. If methanol can be synthesised from captured CO2 and renewable hydrogen, this whole process becomes carbon neutral. In addition, methanol is a useful feedstock to the chemical industry to produce a range of more complex molecules, and is also used as a solvent. This is reflected in the global production of methanol, which reached 85 million tonnes in 2018, enough to fill an Olympic swimming pool every twelve minutes.Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of ionic solid with a structure based on that of the naturally occurring mineral hydrotalcite. They are made of positively charged layers, which allows a range of negatively charged ions to be inserted in the interlayer space. The ability to vary the elements in the layered structure and the chemicals that can be inserted between means their properties can be tailored by researchers towards specific applications. These can range from adsorption to plastic additives to vehicles for drug delivery.LDHs are also able to be used as catalysts, materials which speed up a chemical reaction, or enable it to occur in the first place. Recently, LDHs have been used to catalyse the addition of hydrogen gas to carbon dioxide, producing methanol, however with low overall yield. This project aims to synthesise more LDH materials incorporating different metals, which will be tested for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to produce methanol. Compared to previous work in this area, these will aim to have improved CO2 conversion and selectivity, and therefore increased overall methanol yield.This project falls within the EPSRC manufacturing the future and physical sciences themes.

大气中的二氧化碳（CO2）水平已增加到超过400 ppm，这是由于人类活动的结果，包括提取和燃烧化石燃料的能源以及日常生活中各种产品的生产。为了过渡到零净并使温度上升到巴黎一致的1.5oc目标以下，提出了两种方法 - 通过可再生能源来减少排放量，并从大气中清除CO2。从大气中取出后，二氧化碳可以被储存或用作化学合成的原料，例如聚合物或甲醇。甲醇是最简单的酒精，仅由一个碳原子组成，可以用作干净的燃料，仅排放二氧化碳和水，而与化石燃料的燃烧相比，其他少量的其他有毒气体或烟灰。甲醇目前是由合成气生产的，该合成气是通过在相对较高的温度和压力下通过金属催化剂在金属催化剂上产生的。但是，目前正在采用替代性，更可持续的方法。如果可以从捕获的二氧化碳和可再生氢中合成甲醇，则整个过程将变为中性。此外，甲醇是化学工业生产一系列更复杂分子的有用原料，也被用作溶剂。这反映在2018年全球生产的甲醇生产中，该甲醇在2018年达到8500万吨，足以每十二分钟填充一次奥运会游泳池。搭配的双氢氧化物（LDHS）是一类离子固体，其结构基于自然发生的矿物质水力钙石的结构。它们是由带正电荷的层制成的，可以将一系列带负电的离子插入层间空间。可以通过研究人员对特定应用量身定制的分层结构中的元素以及可以插入的化学物质的能力。这些范围从吸附到塑料添加剂再到车辆进行药物输送。LDHS还可以用作催化剂，这些材料会加快化学反应的速度或使其首先发生。最近，LDHS已被用来催化在二氧化碳中添加氢气，从而产生甲醇，但总产量较低。该项目的目的是合成更多含有不同金属的LDH材料，该材料将测试，用于二氧化碳催化氢化以产生甲醇。与该领域的先前工作相比，这些旨在提高二氧化碳转化率和选择性，从而提高甲醇的总收益。该项目属于EPSRC制造业的未来和物理科学主题。