HIV/AIDS and Orphan Care

艾滋病毒/艾滋病和孤儿护理

• 批准号: 7099590
• 负责人: KATHRYN WHETTEN
• 金额: $ 51.15万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7099590
• 关键词: AIDS; Africa; India; behavioral /social science research tag; caregivers; child care; child foster care /adoption; child psychology; clinical research; culture; early experience; emotional adjustment; focus groups; health surveys; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); southeast Asia

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): AIDS worldwide has orphaned more than 15 million children under the age of 18. By 2010 an estimated 25 million children will be orphaned due to AIDS or 6% of all children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The South and Southeast Asian region has the second largest numbers of persons living with HIV/AIDS. India alone has and estimated 5.1 million adults living with HIV/AIDS. The need to understand factors influencing positive outcomes for orphans across and within cultures is pressing. To date, studies concerning the effects of the placement of orphans have been limited to: comparisons of orphanage versus community placement; small sample sizes; cross-cultural data; and single country studies. Such studies limit the ability to make causal inferences, overly simplify the importance of life events and current living characteristics, and do not account for cultural effects mediating placement outcomes, thereby limiting generalizability to other cultures. The focus of this 4-year longitudinal study is to examine the influence of life events, orphan placement characteristics, caregiver characteristics, and cultural characteristics on orphan: 1) behavioral and emotional adjustment; 2) cognitive adjustment; and 3) health status. 2,500 children and their caregivers will be surveyed and a contextual analysis performed in countries where the HIV epidemic has left some of the largest rates of children orphaned: Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, and Tanzania, where a pilot study has been conducted by the researchers. The countries were chosen for their cultural diversity and because they have high proportions of children orphaned by AIDS. Children, ages 6-10 inclusive at baseline, who live in communities and institutions will be surveyed every 6 months for 3 years. Caregiver and institutional characteristics will be surveyed every year for 3 years. Central to the study is an anthropological qualitative component that will both help form questions in the first year of the grant and will later form the context from which we will analyze the data. The later will include detailed open-ended surveys with 20 children and 5 adult focus groups from each country, using grounded theory during the first year, followed by more structured surveys in the following: a minimum of 7 peer-reviewed manuscripts, 1 book, and a major policy document will result from this study. These documents will advise policy makers, programmers, and researchers on the caregiving and cultural characteristics that need consideration when planning for the care of orphaned children.

描述（由申请人提供）： 全世界的艾滋病已经为18岁以下的1500万儿童孤立。到2010年，由于艾滋病，估计有2500万儿童将因艾滋病或撒哈拉以南非洲的所有儿童造成孤儿。南亚和东南亚地区拥有艾滋病毒/艾滋病的第二大人数。仅印度就有并估计有510万艾滋病毒/艾滋病的成年人。了解影响跨文化和文化内部孤儿积极成果的因素的需求是迫切的。迄今为止，有关孤儿安​​置影响的研究仅限于：孤儿院与社区安置的比较；小样本量；跨文化数据；和单一国家研究。这样的研究限制了进行因果推断，过于简化生命事件和当前生活特征的重要性的能力，并且不考虑介导放置结果的文化效应，从而限制了对其他文化的普遍性。这项为期4年的纵向研究的重点是检查生活事件，孤儿安置特征，照料者特征和文化特征对孤儿的影响：1）行为和情感调整； 2）认知调整； 3）健康状况。将调查2,500名儿童及其护理人员，并在艾滋病毒流行病的国家进行了上下文分析，这些国家占据了一些最大的儿童孤儿：柬埔寨，埃塞俄比亚，印度，肯尼亚，肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚，研究人员进行了一项初级研究。这些国家因其文化多样性而被选中，并且因为他们拥有艾滋病孤儿的较高比例。基线的6-10岁儿童居住在社区和机构中，每6个月将每6个月进行3年的调查。护理人员和机构特征将每年调查3年。该研究的核心是人类学的定性组成部分，它将在赠款的第一年中有助于形成问题，后来将形成我们将分析数据的背景。后来的将包括来自每个国家的20个儿童和5个成人焦点小组的详细开放式调查，在第一年使用扎根理论，然后在以下内容中进行更结构化的调查：至少有7本同行评审的手稿，1本书，一本主要的政策文件将由这项研究产生。这些文件将向政策制定者，程序员和研究人员提供有关在计划照顾孤儿儿童时需要考虑的护理和文化特征的建议。