Mechanisms of Responses to Diesel Exhaust and Stress

对柴油机尾气和压力的反应机制

• 批准号: 7126406
• 负责人: ROBERT John LAUMBACH
• 金额: $ 13.26万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MED/DENT NJ-R W JOHNSON MED SCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-23 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7126406
• 关键词: air pollution; alveolar macrophages; apolipoprotein E; cardiovascular disorder risk; coronary occlusion /thrombosis; cytokine; engine exhaust; genetic susceptibility; genetically modified animals; hormone regulation /control mechanism; inflammation; laboratory mouse; liposomes; macrophage; pollution related respiratory disorder; psychological stressor; stress

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) The proposed career development and research plans will prepare the candidate to conduct independent research focusing on how the toxic effects of air pollutants may be modified in susceptible individuals, using animal models. Evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) disease are at increased risk of CV effects from particulate matter air pollution (PM). The research plan will test the hypothesis that the CV effects of PM are mediated by systemic inflammatory responses to local injury and inflammation in the lungs, and that altered macrophage numbers and activity in lung and liver contribute to increased sensitivity of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice to these effects. Moreover, toxic effects will be enhanced by co-exposure to stress. To test this hypothesis, the candidate will use freshly generated diesel exhaust (DE) as a model PM exposure. The first aim is to determine if ApoE-/- mice exhibit increased susceptibility to DE-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation and prothrombotic activity. ApoE-/- and control mice will be exposed to DE (30-1000 mu/g/m3 PM) or control for 3-6 hours, with outcomes measured at 0-72 hours post-exposure. Markers of inflammation will be assessed in the lung, liver, blood, and blood vessels, including cell counts, cytokine expression, circulating acute phase proteins, and cell adhesion molecules. The second aim is to determine if increases in the sensitivity of ApoE-/- mice to DE are due to increased macrophage numbers and activity in the lung and liver. Dependence of DE-induced effects on macrophages will be tested by selectively depleting these cells using liposomes. The third aim is to determine if stress alters DE-induced inflammatory responses and prothrombotic activity. Inflammation and prothrombotic activity will be analyzed in ApoE-/- and control mice after exposure to DE with and without an acute stressor. Career development plans include mentorship and training in inhalation toxicology and psychoneuroimmunology through supervised research and structured educational activities. Laboratory techniques to be learned include animal exposures, surgery, cell culture, western blotting, ELISA, in situ hybridization, RT-PCR and histochemical procedures. The career development plan will enable the candidate to achieve his overall goal of conducting research that integrates animal studies with human exposure studies. The experimental studies will contribute to elucidating mechanisms underlying CV effects of PM.

描述（由申请人提供） 拟议的职业发展和研究计划将使候选人准备进行独立的研究，重点是使用动物模型在易感人群中如何修改空气污染物的毒性作用。 流行病学研究的证据表明，患有心血管疾病（CV）疾病的个体对颗粒物质空气污染（PM）的CV效应风险增加。该研究计划将检验以下假设：PM的CV效应是由对肺部局部损伤和炎症的全身性炎症反应介导的，并且改变了肺和肝脏中巨噬细胞的数量和活性，从而有助于增加载脂蛋白E-缺乏症（APOE-/ - ）小鼠对这些作用的敏感性。 此外，通过共同暴露应力会增强毒性作用。为了检验这一假设，候选人将使用新鲜生成的柴油排气（DE）作为PM暴露。 第一个目的是确定apoE - / - 小鼠是否表现出增加对肺部和全身性炎症和实现性活性活性的敏感性。 APOE - / - 将暴露于DE（30-1000 mu/g/m3 pm）或对照3-6小时，并在暴露后0-72小时测量结果。 炎症的标志物将在肺，肝，血液和血管中进行评估，包括细胞计数，细胞因子表达，循环急性相蛋白和细胞粘附分子。 第二个目的是确定apoE - / - 小鼠对DE的灵敏度是否增加，这是由于肺和肝脏中巨噬细胞数量和活性增加所致。 通过使用脂质体选择性耗尽这些细胞，将测试去诱导的对巨噬细胞的影响的依赖性。 第三个目的是确定应力是否会改变炎症反应和血栓性活性。在APOE - / - 中将分析炎症和促血栓性活性，并在与DE接触DE后有没有急性应激源。 职业发展计划包括通过监督研究和结构化的教育活动进行的指导和吸入毒理学和心理免疫学培训。要学习的实验室技术包括动物暴露，手术，细胞培养，蛋白质印迹，ELISA，原位杂交，RT-PCR和组织化学程序。职业发展计划将使候选人能够实现将动物研究与人类暴露研究相结合的研究的总体目标。实验研究将有助于阐明PM的CV效应的基础机制。