"We must carry on": The Jewish Relief Unit, Displaced Persons and Anglo-Jewish Humanitarianism in Postwar Europe.

“我们必须继续下去”：战后欧洲的犹太救济队、流离失所者和英犹太人道主义。

• 批准号: 2607524
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Royal Holloway University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2607524
• 关键词: must; carry; Jewish; Relief; Unit

This project will investigate and create a deeper understanding of the indispensable role of the Jewish Relief Unit (JRU) - a small but remarkable British relief organisation that helped Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in postwar Europe - and the ways in which it fundamentally shaped the experience and future of Displaced Persons (DPs). By using the JRU as a window into the postwar world, this project will create a more nuanced understanding of the contribution of relief workers and DPs to the wider postwar developments and consider the reciprocal, long-lasting impact that these groups had on each other. This project will contribute to furthering understanding of refugee studies, Anglo-Jewish humanitarianism and British responses to the Holocaust. It addresses two significant lacunae in the current scholarship: the historic exclusion of DPs and relief workers' voices from the wider histories of the period, and, more specifically, the near-total neglect of the JRU. It is guided by four research questions. The first question will utilise the methodology of intellectual history to focus on the personnel employed by the JRU, asking how factors such as class, nationality, political beliefs, and gender shaped the experience and approach of these relief workers. For many DPs, relief workers represented a pillar of stability in a period of great uncertainty. As DPs' primary connection to the outside world, the JRU personnel exerted a real influence on the ways that those they interacted with developed and were perceived. Thus, a thorough examination of the JRU personnel will further our understanding of not just how relief was facilitated but by whom, and why. This initial focus will inform the project's second research question, which will draw on the JRU's personnel files, survivor testimony, and memoirs to ask what the tangible, long-term impact of the methods and ideology of the JRU and its field workers was on DPs and their identity reconstruction. The project's third guiding research question will consider the institution more broadly, utilising its organisational and administrative records to ask how the organisation as a whole contributed to the developments of the postwar landscape. By approaching this question through the eyes of some of the key people on the ground, this project will highlight the multi-faceted nature of contemporary developments (such as the creation of Israel), reinforce the engagement of both DPs and relief workers, and reinstate these groups into the historic narrative as ambitious contributors in their own right. This will challenge the outdated trend of presenting DPs as a homogenous and dependent group who were products of the situation around them - a trend which continues to falsely inform discourse about refugees in the present. Finally, the fourth research question will consider how the JRU fits in to the environment of postwar humanitarianism more generally. It asks how the JRU drew its approach from other organisations and how the organisation and its activities exemplify wider developments in the field of humanitarianism at that time. In particular, it will focus on the ways in which the JRU differed and carved its own path. To undertake these questions, this project will utilise an integrated approach, combining the methodologies of intellectual, social and cultural history. Drawing on intellectual history, it will not only trace the ideas which informed and guided the institution and its personnel, but contextualise these ideas in the wider postwar environment and the development of Anglo-Jewish humanitarianism. Leading on from this, it will draw on social and cultural history to analyse how these ideas manifested in the JRU's activities, and their powerful, long-term impact. In particular, it will use a framework of social network analysis to explore the significant effect of the JRU's approach on DPs' identity reconstruction.

该项目将对犹太人救济部门（JRU）的不可或缺作用进行调查并更深入地理解，这是一个小而杰出的英国救济组织，帮助战后欧洲大屠杀的犹太人幸存者以及它从根本上塑造了流离失所者的经历和未来的方式（DPS）。通过将JRU用作战后世界的窗口，该项目将对救济工人和DPS对更广泛的战后发展的贡献产生更加细微的理解，并考虑这些团体彼此对彼此产生的倒数，持久的影响。该项目将有助于进一步了解难民研究，盎格鲁 - 犹太人人道主义和英国对大屠杀的反应。它涉及当前奖学金中的两个重要空白：DPS的历史性排除和救济人员的声音从该时期的更广泛的历史中，更具体地说，是JRU的几乎完全忽视。它以四个研究问题为指导。第一个问题将利用知识史的方法来专注于JRU所使用的人员，询问阶级，国籍，政治信仰和性别等因素如何塑造这些救济工作者的经验和方法。对于许多DPS，救援人员在一个不确定性的时期代表了稳定的支柱。作为DPS与外界的主要联系，JRU人员对与他们与之互动的人的发展和被感知的方式产生了真正的影响。因此，对JRU人员的彻底检查将进一步了解我们对救济的促进程度，而且是由谁以及原因的理解。最初的重点将为项目的第二个研究问题提供信息，该问题将借鉴JRU的人员档案，幸存者证词和回忆录，以询问JRU及其现场工作者对DPS及其身份重建的方法和意识形态的切实，长期影响。该项目的第三个指导研究问题将更广泛地考虑该机构，利用其组织和行政记录询问整个组织如何为战后景观的发展做出贡献。通过通过地面上一些关键人物的眼光来解决这个问题，该项目将突出当代发展的多方面本质（例如，以色列的创建），加强了DPS和救济人员的参与，并将这些群体恢复到历史性的叙述中，因为他们本身就是雄心勃勃的贡献。这将挑战过时的趋势，即将DP作为一个同质和依赖的群体，他们是周围情况的产物 - 这种趋势继续错误地告知目前有关难民的论述。最后，第四个研究问题将考虑JRU如何更普遍地适合战后人道主义的环境。它询问JRU如何从其他组织中汲取方法，以及组织及其活动如何体现当时人道主义领域的更广泛发展。特别是，它将集中于JRU的不同方式和雕刻自己的道路。为了提出这些问题，该项目将利用一种综合方法，结合了智力，社会和文化历史的方法。借助知识史，它不仅会追踪为机构及其人员提供信息和指导的思想，而且还将在战后环境和盎格鲁 - 犹太人的人道主义者的发展中进行背景。从此开始，它将借鉴社会和文化历史，以分析这些思想如何在JRU的活动中表现出来及其强大而长期的影响。特别是，它将使用社交网络分析的框架来探讨JRU方法对DPS身份重建的重要影响。