Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Preschool Children

学龄前儿童的创伤后应激障碍

• 批准号: 6743163
• 负责人: MICHAEL S SCHEERINGA
• 金额: $ 25.99万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6743163
• 关键词: autogenic training; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; clinical research; coping; domestic violence; early experience; electrocardiography; heart rate; human subject; neurobiology; parent offspring interaction; posttraumatic stress disorder; preschool child (1-5); psychological shock; psychological stressor; psychopathology; psychophysiology; questionnaires; trauma

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aims of this revised application are to multidimensionally evaluate the sequelae of psychological trauma in preschool-age children. The proposed plan is part of my programmatic series of studies on the developmental, neurobiological, and psychopathological impact of trauma on young children. I propose to recruit two samples of 70 children each, age 3 through 6 years, who have experienced two different kinds of traumatic events: single-blow acute trauma and repeated/witnessed trauma from domestic violence. We will recruit until we have 35 children with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 35 children with subthreshold symptoms of PTSD in each group. There will also be a group of 70 healthy control children. The aims and hypotheses are: (1) The primary caregiver of children with PTSD will show more negative emotional regulation of their children compared to the caregivers of traumatized children without PTSD and to the parents of healthy control children. This effect will be shown two ways: (a) the parents of PTSD children will show more negative sequential interactions with their children in our laboratory and (b) the parents of PTSD children will score higher on self-report of avoidant coping behavior in the home; (2) Children with PTSD who score higher on measures of dissociation will slow down their heart rate in response to trauma stimuli. We will attempt to replicate this association that has previously been demonstrated in adolescents and adults, and is one piece of an emerging dissociative subtype of trauma response. The anticipated differences will also be analyzed separately within each trauma group to determine if there are differential impacts from single-blow and repeated/witnessed types of trauma at this early age. We have developed a model of how parent factors impact on child factors through the mechanism of parent-child relationship factors, which ultimately impact on the development of symptoms of PTSD. This revised application focuses more on how the mechanism of the parent-child relationship may explain the development of psychopathology in early childhood. Ancillary explorations that are important to investigating this model will include how parental symptoms, parent dissociation, parent heart rate reactivity, and child comorbid symptomatology correlate with each other and with the parent-child relationship.

描述（由申请人提供）：本修订申请的目的是多维度评估学龄前儿童心理创伤的后遗症。拟议的计划是我关于创伤对幼儿的发育、神经生物学和心理病理学影响的计划性系列研究的一部分。我建议招募两个样本，每个样本 70 名年龄在 3 到 6 岁的儿童，他们经历过两种不同类型的创伤事件：单次急性创伤和家庭暴力造成的反复/目击创伤。我们将招募直至每组有 35 名患有创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的儿童和 35 名患有 PTSD 阈下症状的儿童。还有一组由 70 名健康对照儿童组成。目的和假设是：（1）与没有 PTSD 的受创伤儿童的照顾者和健康对照儿童的父母相比，PTSD 儿童的主要照顾者会对他们的孩子表现出更多的负面情绪调节。这种效应将以两种方式表现出来：(a) PTSD 儿童的父母将在我们的实验室中与他们的孩子表现出更多的负面连续互动；(b) PTSD 儿童的父母在实验室中回避应对行为的自我报告中得分更高。家; (2) 在分离测量中得分较高的 PTSD 儿童会因创伤刺激而减慢心率。我们将尝试复制之前在青少年和成人中证实的这种关联，并且它是一种新兴的创伤反应分离亚型的一部分。还将对每个创伤组内的预期差异进行单独分析，以确定在这么小的年纪，单次打击和重复/目睹类型的创伤是否存在不同的影响。我们建立了一个模型，说明父母因素如何通过亲子关系因素的机制影响儿童因素，最终影响PTSD症状的发展。这个修订后的应用程序更多地关注亲子关系的机制如何解释幼儿期精神病理学的发展。对于研究该模型很重要的辅助探索将包括父母症状、父母分离、父母心率反应性和儿童共病症状如何相互关联以及与亲子关系如何关联。