Expertise, Face Recognition & the Cerebral Hemispheres

专业知识，人脸识别

• 批准号: 6851664
• 负责人: DAVID J TURK
• 金额: $ 7.9万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6851664
• 关键词: behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; bias; brain interhemispheric activity; clinical research; face; face expression; form /pattern perception; neural information processing; pigmentation; racial /ethnic difference; short term memory; social desirability; videotape /videodisc; visual feedback; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): What is it about the faces of people from other races that make them so difficult to remember? The own-race bias (ORB) in recognition memory has been shown in a number of empirical studies (Meissner and Brigham, 2001). However, there is no clear understanding of the cognitive processes that drive this effect. Early perceptual processing of faces has been shown to activate regions of the ventral temporal cortex bilaterally (Kanwisher et al., 1997), but predominantly in the right hemisphere. This region has latterly been argued to support not face recognition per se, but expert object recognition (Gauthier et al., 2003; Gauthier et al., 2000). Since experience of, or 'contact' with, other races has been suggested as an important factor in the ORB, one might predict a right hemisphere locus to the own-race bias in memory Kuskowski & Pardo, 1999). However, a recent neuroimaging study showed that in fact it was left hemisphere ventral temporal activation that correlated with subsequent recognition accuracy and the ORB. In order to evaluate the relative contribution of each cerebral hemisphere to the ORB the main part of this project will examine face recognition in the split-brain. We will then examine the role of visual information in the face (skin color or configural changes) in the ORB. If race is processed as a visual feature (Levin, 2000) which leads to categorical (and stereotypic - Blair et al., 2002) processing of the face, we can ask what aspects of the face trigger this type of processing? The specific contribution of elements such as skin color and configural properties of cross-race faces to the ORB will be examined. Finally, we will explore the effects of dual-task interference on own- and cross-race face recognition in working memory. If expertise serves to increase capacity in working memory (Ericsson and Kintsch, 1995) then dual-task interference should have little impact on own-race face recognition (Turk, 2001 ), but should impair memory for cross-race faces. This project seeks to evaluate the relative contribution of the two cerebral hemispheres to the ORB and by implication, the role of expertise or familiarity with face types as the driving force behind the own-race bias in working memory.

描述（由申请人提供）：来自其他种族的人的面孔是什么，使他们难以记住？在许多经验研究中已经显示了自己的种族偏见（ORB）（Meissner and Brigham，2001）。但是，对推动这种影响的认知过程没有明确的了解。已经证明，面部的早期感知处理可激活双侧腹侧颞皮层的区域（Kanwisher等，1997），但主要在右半球。后来，该地区被认为是支持面部识别本身，而是专家对象识别（Gauthier等，2003; Gauthier等，2000）。由于已建议与其他种族的经验或“接触”作为ORB的重要因素，因此人们可能会预测记忆Kuskowski＆Pardo中自有竞赛偏见的正确半球基因座，1999年）。然而，最近的一项神经影像学研究表明，实际上，它与随后的识别精度和球体相关。为了评估每个脑半球对球体的相对贡献，该项目的主要部分将检查分裂脑中的面部识别。然后，我们将检查视觉信息在球体中的作用（肤色或配置变化）。如果将种族作为视觉特征处理（Levin，2000年），从而导致面部的分类（和刻板印象-Blair等，2002）处理，我们可以问面部的哪些方面触发这种类型的处理？将检查肤色（例如肤色和跨种族面面对球体对球体）的特定贡献。最后，我们将探讨双任务干扰对工作记忆中自己和跨越赛的面部识别的影响。如果专业知识有助于提高工作记忆的能力（Ericsson和Kintsch，1995），那么双任务干预对自己的竞赛面部识别的影响不大（Turk，2001），但应损害交叉赛面孔的记忆。该项目旨在评估两个脑半球对球体的相对贡献，并暗示着专业知识或熟悉面部类型的作用是自身竞赛偏见在工作记忆中的驱动力。