Impulsivity Models: Behavioral Mechanisms

冲动模型：行为机制

• 批准号: 6624028
• 负责人: Donald M Dougherty
• 金额: $ 26.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6624028
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); aggression; attention deficit disorder; behavior test; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; conduct disorder; decision making; developmental psychology; disease /disorder classification; gender difference; human subject; human therapy evaluation; impulsive behavior; interview; model design /development; neuropsychology; patient oriented research; psychological models; psychometrics; questionnaires; reinforcer; violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In two experiments, two types of objective behavioral measures of impulsivity (rapid-decision vs. reward-directed) will be compared between three groups of adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Specifically, three adolescent groups with CD will participate: those without histories of physical fighting (CDNonFight) and those with histories of either initiating fights non-impulsively (CDFightJPlan) or impulsively (CDFight/NonPlan). Preliminary studies indicate that behavioral measures of impulsivity differ not only between control and conduct disorder (CD) groups, but also CD patients with histories of physical fighting perform more impulsively than those without histories of fighting. This appears especially true for laboratory tasks that require rapid-decisional responses (as compared to tasks that require reward-directed responses). In Experiment 1, to compare behavioral measures of impulsivity, several task types will be used concurrently to determine which measures are most sensitive to group differences. In Experiment 2, performance feedback (reward, penalty, and combined reward/penalty) will be used to determine which task parameters improve group discrimination, and how each group's performance may be differentially modulated by feedback manipulations. In both experiments, behavioral impulsivity performance will be related to traditional clinical measures (parent, teacher, and self-report ratings) to provide further validation of these laboratory measures. The specific aims are: (1) to determine which laboratory task type (rapid-decision vs. reward-directed) best discriminates between controls and adolescents with CD. and between the CDNonFight, CDFight/Plan. and CDFight/NonPlan groups: (2) to determine how performance feedback differentially modulates impulsive responding and maximizes group discrimination: and (3) to provide further validation of laboratory measured impulsivity by relating performance to traditional clinical measures of impulsivity (prospective ratings from parents, teachers, and self-report). These studies will help meet our immediate goals of studying the basic mechanisms of impulsivity in these populations and to further develop measures of behavioral impulsivity. The development of objective repeatable (state-dependent) measures of impulsivity is needed to answer both basic and applied research questions. Our long-term goal is to determine how impulsivity relates to biological mechanisms and treatment prediction/outcome. Research focused on understanding the unique causal pathways that lead children to develop severe patterns of antisocial and aggressive behaviors will advance our treatment technology. Impulsivity is critical to many of these pathways, but unfortunately its conceptualization and operationalized in past research has been weak. This research will advance our understanding of the construct of impulsivity and will provide a firmer context within which future research can better study the role impulsivity plays in the development of severe conduct problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：在两个实验中，两种类型的物镜 冲动的行为测量（快速决策与奖励导向）将是 对三组患有行为障碍（CD）的青少年进行比较。 具体来说，三个患有 CD 的青少年群体将参加： 那些没有 CD 的青少年群体 身体打斗史 (CDNonFight) 以及有任何一种历史的人 非冲动地发起战斗 (CDFightJPlan) 或冲动地发起战斗 （CDFight/非计划）。初步研究表明，行为测量 冲动不仅在控制组和行为障碍（CD）组之间存在差异， 但有打架史的 CD 患者也表现得更好 比没有战斗史的人更冲动。这尤其显得 对于需要快速决策响应的实验室任务来说是正确的（相比之下 需要奖励导向响应的任务）。在实验1中，为了比较 冲动的行为测量，将使用几种任务类型 同时确定哪些措施对群体最敏感 差异。在实验2中，绩效反馈（奖励、惩罚和 组合奖励/惩罚）将用于确定哪些任务参数 改善群体歧视，以及每个群体的表现如何 通过反馈操作进行差分调制。在这两个实验中， 行为冲动表现将与传统临床相关 措施（家长、老师和自我报告评分）以提供进一步的帮助 验证这些实验室措施。具体目标是：（1） 确定哪种实验室任务类型（快速决策与奖励导向）最好 区分对照组和患有 CD 的青少年。和之间 CDNonFight、CDFight/计划。和 CDFight/NonPlan 组：(2) 确定如何 表现反馈有差别地调节冲动反应和 最大化群体歧视：(3) 提供进一步验证 实验室通过将表现与传统临床联系起来测量冲动性 冲动的衡量标准（来自家长、老师和其他人的预期评分） 自我报告）。这些研究将有助于实现我们研究的近期目标 这些人群冲动的基本机制并进一步发展 行为冲动的测量。开发可重复的目标 需要（依赖于状态的）冲动措施来回答基本和 应用研究问题。我们的长期目标是确定冲动如何 涉及生物学机制和治疗预测/结果。研究 专注于了解导致儿童的独特因果路径 形成严重的反社会和攻击性行为模式将促进我们 治疗技术。冲动对于其中许多途径至关重要，但是 不幸的是，它的概念化和可操作性在过去的研究中已经 一直很弱。这项研究将加深我们对结构的理解 冲动性，并将为未来的研究提供更坚实的背景 更好地研究冲动在严重行为发展中的作用 问题。