Enacted Stigma, Gender & Risk Behaviors of School Youth

制定的耻辱、性别

• 批准号: 6684593
• 负责人: Elizabeth Marie Saewyc
• 金额: $ 12.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-28 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6684593
• 关键词: Asians; Canada; European; HIV infections; Native Americans; New Zealand; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; culture; disease /disorder proneness /risk; gender difference; health surveys; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; perception; psychometrics; psychosocial separation; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; schools; sex behavior; sexual orientation; socioenvironment

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning (GLBQ) youth are at increased risk for health disparities, including HIV and teen pregnancy, vs. heterosexual peers, a risk attributed to the effects of nearly universal stigma for sexual minorities. Behaviors in a social group that convey or enforce stigma are enacted stigma; culture influences stigma, yet gender and ethnic variations in enacted stigma have seldom been examined among youth. Enacted stigma in school has been measured only indirectly in large-scale school-based surveys. To develop effective interventions, we need to understand enacted stigma among different cultural groups, develop culturally competent, reliable measures, and test the links between stigma and health behaviors in population-based surveys. Although GLBQ stigma is our primary focus, understanding how other types of stigma are enacted is important in developing general measures of enacted stigma. Therefore, the purpose of this 5-year, mixed-methods international study is to explore enacted stigma behaviors among indigenous, Asian-ancestry, and European-ancestry adolescents in school environments in Canada, New Zealand, and the U.S., to develop cross-cultural measures of enacted stigma for adolescent health surveys, and to examine the association of types of stigma and HIV risk behaviors among adolescents. The specific aims are: I. To compare the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors associated with sexual orientation and other stigmatized identities among youth in existing large-scale school-based surveys, and to identify both the existing indirect measures of stigma that are risk factors plus the protective factors significantly associated with the HIV risk behaviors. II. To identify the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors and associated risk and protective factors among indigenous adolescents--American Indian (U.S.), First Nations (Canada), Maori (New Zealand--as well as youth of Asian ancestry in each country, and to compare the patterns among adolescents of similar ethnic backgrounds in the 3 countries. III. To explore among adolescent and adult key informants the ways stigma is understood, assigned, and enforced in the school environment, and to compare the patterns within the three countries. This exploration will be focused primarily on stigma based on sexual orientation status, but other types of stigmatized identities will be examined to understand the similarities and differences of how stigma is enacted, and the potential utility of generic stigma measures. IV. Within each country, to elicit explanatory models from adolescents and youth workers on the survey findings of HIV risk behaviors and stigma, and to tap suggested strategies for reducing stigma and addressing sexual risk behaviors in culturally appropriate ways among GLBQ youth. V. Incorporating the findings of aims I-IV, to develop, pilot, and psychometrically evaluate universal and country-specific culturally competent items and scales, for population-based adolescent health surveys, that measure perceived and enacted stigma in school, to allow cross-cultural comparisons of the effects of stigma among adolescents.

描述（由申请人提供）：与异性恋同龄人相比，男同性恋、女同性恋、双性恋和有疑问的 (GLBQ) 青少年面临更大的健康差异风险，包括艾滋病毒和青少年怀孕，这一风险归因于几乎普遍存在的性耻辱的影响少数民族。社会群体中传达或强化耻辱的行为被称为耻辱；文化会影响耻辱感，但年轻人中所形成的耻辱感的性别和种族差异却很少得到研究。在大规模的基于学校的调查中，仅间接测量了学校中的耻辱感。为了制定有效的干预措施，我们需要了解不同文化群体之间的耻辱感，制定文化上可行的可靠措施，并在基于人群的调查中测试耻辱感与健康行为之间的联系。尽管 GLBQ 耻辱是我们的主要关注点，但了解其他类型的耻辱是如何形成的对于制定实施耻辱的一般措施非常重要。因此，这项为期 5 年的混合方法国际研究的目的是探索加拿大、新西兰和美国学校环境中土著、亚洲血统和欧洲血统青少年的耻辱行为，以培养跨性别者的认同感。青少年健康调查中制定的耻辱文化措施，并研究青少年中耻辱类型与艾滋病毒危险行为之间的关联。具体目标是： I. 比较现有大规模校内调查中青少年中与性取向和其他污名化身份相关的艾滋病毒危险行为的流行情况，并确定现有的间接污名化措施，即风险因素和显着相关的保护因素与艾滋病毒危险行为。 二.确定土著青少年——美洲印第安人（美国）、原住民（加拿大）、毛利人（新西兰——以及每个国家的亚洲血统青年）中艾滋病毒危险行为的流行情况以及相关的风险和保护因素，并比较这 3 个国家中具有相似种族背景的青少年的模式。 三．探讨青少年和成年关键信息提供者在学校环境中理解、分配和实施耻辱的方式，并比较三个国家的模式。这项探索将主要集中在基于性取向状态的耻辱上，但也会检查其他类型的耻辱身份，以了解耻辱如何实施的相似性和差异，以及通用耻辱措施的潜在效用。 四．在每个国家内，从青少年和青年工作者那里获取有关艾滋病毒危险行为和耻辱调查结果的解释模型，并利用建议的策略，在 GLBQ 青年中以文化上适当的方式减少耻辱和解决性危险行为。 V. 纳入目标 I-IV 的研究结果，为基于人口的青少年健康调查制定、试点和心理测量评估普遍的和特定国家文化能力的项目和量表，衡量在学校中感知和实施的耻辱，以允许交叉-青少年中耻辱影响的文化比较。