Domestication of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

美洲皮肤利什曼病的驯化

• 批准号: 6970456
• 负责人: Leonard E Munstermann
• 金额: $ 19.95万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6970456
• 关键词: Colombia; Leishmania; Psychodidae; animal population genetics; arthropod genetics; clinical research; cooperative study; disease outbreaks; disease reservoirs; disease vectors; dogs; genotype; hamsters; horses; host organism interaction; human ecology; human subject; leishmaniasis; mathematical model; model design /development; opossums; polymerase chain reaction; single strand conformation polymorphism; skin infection

Worldwide incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis averages approximately 1.25 million cases per annum. In the Americas, the formerly dominant sylvatic cycle of transmission has become secondary to an emerging domestic transmission cycle within the past decade. Very recently, several outbreaks of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) have occurred (1,000-2,000 cases each) in rural districts with low endemicity (<50 cases per annum). The availability of state and local surveillance resources, along and the availability of adjacent non-endemic districts to serve as control sites, has provided a unique opportunity to determine factors leading to (a) the epidemic establishment and (b) the domesticity of the transmission cycle. The project developed herein focuses on a district involved in an epidemic of >2,000 cases across 112 townships and has evolved the following specific aims: (1) To detect a human-to-sand fly-to-human mode of transmission. The normal sylvatic mode of transmission to humans is via a reservoir animal to sand fly. (2) To determine the roles of the common peridomestic animals?opossums, dogs and equines?as parasite reservoirs. (3) To incriminate the insect vector species. Four species are identified in the epidemic areas, but details of their density, vector competence and host preference are not characterized. (4) To examine the population genetic structure of a newly dominant vector species, Lutzomyia longiflocosa, for its genetic heterogeneity and ecological origins. (5) To model vector-reservoir-human relationships for optimization of control strategies. State of art field methods and analytic tools will be employed, including molecular genetic strategies (gene sequencing, SSCP gel sieving), geographical information systems (including local mapping with GPS and remotely sensed imagery), and iterative modeling.

皮肤利什曼病的全球发病率平均每年约125万例。在美洲，以前的主要传播周期已成为过去十年中新兴的国内传输周期的继发。最近，在流行性低（每年<50例）的农村地区，发生了几次美国皮肤利什曼病（ACL）（每个病例）。州和地方监视资源的可用性以及相邻的非流行区作为控制地点的可用性，为确定因素提供了一个独特的机会，以确定（a）流行病的流行企业和（b）传输周期的家庭性。本文开发的项目重点介绍了涉及在跨越2,000例案件的地区的地区 112乡镇，并发展了以下特定目的：（1）检测人与人之间的传播模式。向人类传播的正常​​传播模式是通过储层动物来飞翔的。 （2）确定常见的植物动物的作用？负鼠，狗和马？作为寄生虫。 （3）将昆虫载体物种授予。在流行病区域中发现了四个物种，但没有表征其密度，矢量能力和宿主偏好的细节。 （4）检查新占主导地位的载体物种Lutzomyia longiflocosa的种群遗传结构 遗传异质性和生态起源。 （5）建模矢量 - 库库人类关系以优化控制策略。将采用最先进的现场方法和分析工具，包括分子遗传策略（基因测序，SSCP凝胶筛分），地理信息系统（包括使用GPS的本地映射和远程感知的图像）和迭代建模。