Families' and Children's Adjustment

家庭和儿童的适应

• 批准号: 6836548
• 负责人: MARTHA C. TOMPSON
• 金额: $ 52.89万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-12-18 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6836548
• 关键词: clinical research; disease /disorder proneness /risk; emotions; family structure /dynamics; human subject; longitudinal human study; major depression; mental health epidemiology; middle childhood (6-11); mother child interaction; prognosis; psychological adaptation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Examining risk factors and mechanisms that contribute to vulnerability to psychopathology allows for exploration of underlying processes. Risk research distinguishes between risk factors, which increase the statistical likelihood of a disorder, and vulnerability factors, which are more proximal to the child and represent causal mechanisms in the chain of events leading to the onset of psychopathology. Risk factors for depression include both biological and environmental factors. Parent-proband and child-proband family studies demonstrate clustering of depression in families. Thus, parental depression represents a risk factor for depression in youth. Vulnerability factors for child depression have also been examined. Social information-processing models specify cognitive factors -- including a pessimistic explanatory style and negative cognitive errors -- as potential vulnerabilities; whereas, interpersonal/attachment models specify dysfunctional internal working models as potential vuinerabilities. Parental depression may increase depression vulnerability through a number of potential mechanisms, both biological and psychosocial. Psychosocial risk mechanisms include negative life events and family stress. Family expressed emotion (EE), a measure of family emotional climate, strongly predicts outcome among adults with mood disorders. More recent work indicates that depressed children may be particularly likely to live with a high EE parent; high EE predicts more negative one-year outcome in children following hospitalization for depression; and parental depression increases the likelihood that parents will be high EE. Thus, parental EE may represent one mechanism by which parental depression increases depression vulnerability; however, its' relationship to depression onset in youth has not yet been established. Only recently have researchers begun to explore the links between risk and vulnerability in child depression. Utilizing a longitudinal design in a sample of pre-adolescents with and without a depressed mother, we propose to examine the links between a known risk factor (parental depression), a potentially important psychosocial mechanism (EE), the development of cognitive-interpersonal vulnerability, and the manifestation of both depressive symptoms and disorders during a critical period in the development of coping and self-concept.

描述（由申请人提供）：检查有助于精神病理学脆弱性的风险因素和机制，可以探索基础过程。风险研究区分了风险因素，这些因素增加了疾病的统计可能性和脆弱性因素，这些因素更靠近儿童，并代表导致精神病理学开始的事件链中的因果机制。抑郁症的危险因素包括生物学和环境因素。父母培养基和儿童 - 培养家家庭研究表明，家庭抑郁症的聚类。因此，父母的抑郁症代表了青年抑郁症的危险因素。还检查了儿童抑郁症的脆弱性因素。社会信息处理模型指定认知因素（包括悲观的解释方式和负面认知错误）是潜在的脆弱性；而人际/附件模型将功能失调的内部工作模型指定为潜在的效能。父母抑郁症可能通过生物和社会心理的多种潜在机制增加抑郁症的脆弱性。社会心理风险机制包括负面的生活事件和家庭压力。 家庭表达了情感（EE），这是对家庭情感氛围的一种度量，强烈预测患有情绪障碍的成年人的结果。最近的工作表明，沮丧的孩子可能特别有可能与高度EE父母一起生活。 High EE预测抑郁症住院后儿童的一年结果会更加负面。父母的抑郁增加了父母高EE的可能性。因此，父母EE可能代表一种父母抑郁会增加抑郁症脆弱性的机制。但是，尚未建立它与青年抑郁症的关系。直到最近，研究人员才开始探索儿童抑郁症的风险与脆弱性之间的联系。在有和没有沮丧的母亲的情况下，在预科生物的样本中利用纵向设计，我们建议检查已知危险因素（父母抑郁症）之间的联系，一种潜在的重要心理社会机制（EE），认知互动脆弱性的发展，以及在抑郁症状和分散症状的表现和疾病期间的抑郁症状和疾病的表现。