Nicotine: Cognition-Affect Interactions

尼古丁：认知影响相互作用

• 批准号: 6881604
• 负责人: DAVID G GILBERT
• 金额: $ 26.97万
• 依托单位: SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6881604
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; choice; clinical research; cognition; emotions; eye movements; human subject; nicotine; pharmacokinetics; psychopharmacology; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary objective of this revised proposal is to characterize more fully when, how, and in whom nicotine modulates affect and attention to emotional stimuli. It is hypothesized that nicotine attenuates attentional bias to negative emotional stimuli and associative processing of such stimuli, thereby decreasing negative emotional states. This attenuation of negative attentional bias and associative processing by nicotine is hypothesized to result from nicotine's enhancing attentional and associative bias to positive and neutral stimuli that in turn compete with and inhibit negative affect-related processing. Nicotine-induced attentional and associative biasing is hypothesized to occur most strongly in situations where the frequency of negative stimuli is moderate or low and the subject has a significant degree of freedom of attentional choice. Thus, the effects of attentional choice (two-picture viewing) versus no-choice (one picture viewing) conditions on nicotine's ability to reduce negative affect will be assessed by presenting blocks with a series of 64 single or dual pictures on a computer. Mood will be assessed before and after each picture series block. The frequency of negative pictures in these series will be manipulated (either 16 [low frequency] or 48 [high frequency]). In the no-choice task, single pictures will be presented centrally on the computer screen. In the two-choice task, dual picture images will be presented simultaneously in the left and right visual field. Picture series blocks (64 single or dual pictures) will consist of the following 4.5 sec. sequence: the word "blink", a fixation cross, and a picture (or dual picture). In the two-choice condition, subjects will be instructed to allocate as much or little of their gaze time to a given picture, but to always be gazing at one of two pictures. In the no-choice condition, subjects will be required to maintain a 3 sec. gaze at each picture. Neutral or positive pictures will be interspersed in both the two-choice and no-choice tasks. Eye-gaze patterns during the two-choice task and no-choice task will be obtained with an infrared, computerized tracking system. In the two-choice task, maximal dysphoria-reducing effects of nicotine are predicted to occur during blocks with a high frequency of negative pictures. Nicotine is predicted to reduce gaze directed toward negative pictures and to enhance attention to positive pictures. In the no-choice task, nicotine is expected to have maximal dysphoria-reducing effects when a low frequency of negative pictures is combined with intervening positive pictures. Potential moderating influences of gender, smoker-nonsmoker status, and individual differences in trait anxiety, depression, and anhedonia will be assessed with regression analyses. This work will use new experimental procedures and technologies, including the precise assessment to individual differences in continuously monitored eye-gaze patterns with an infrared, computerized tracking system. The new knowledge derived from these studies will be useful in developing empirical model-based treatment strategies aimed at increasing smoking abstinence.

描述（由申请人提供）：该修订建议的主要目的是更充分地表征何时，如何以及尼古丁调节对情绪刺激的影响和关注。 假设尼古丁会减轻注意力刺激的注意力偏见和对这种刺激的联想处理，从而减少了负面的情绪状态。假设尼古丁对尼古丁的负面注意力偏见和缔合处理的这种衰减是由于尼古丁增强了注意力和相关性偏见对阳性和中性刺激的偏见，而阳性和中性刺激反过来又与负面影响相关的处理竞争并抑制了与负面影响相关的处理。假设尼古丁引起的注意力和联想偏见是在负面刺激的频率中等或低的情况下最强烈地发生的，并且受试者具有很大的注意力选择自由度。因此，通过向计算机上的一系列64个单片或双图片呈现块来评估注意力选择（两局观看）与尼古丁降低负面影响能力的无选择条件对尼古丁降低负面影响能力的影响。每个图片系列块之前和之后，心情将进行评估。这些系列中负图的频率将被操纵（16 [低频]或48 [高频]）。在“无选择”任务中，将在计算机屏幕上集中介绍单个图片。在两项选择任务中，双图像将同时在左右视野中同时显示。图片系列块（64张单张或双图）将包括以下4.5秒。序列：“眨眼”一词，固定十字架和图片（或双图）。在两项选择的条件下，将指示受试者将其凝视时间尽可能多或很少的时间分配给给定的图片，但始终凝视着两张图片之一。在无选择的条件下，将需要受试者维持3秒。凝视每张图片。中性图片或正面图片将散布在两项选择和无选择的任务中。在两项选择任务和无选择任务期间的眼睛凝视模式将通过红外，计算机化的跟踪系统获得。在两项选择的任务中，预计尼古丁的最大吞咽困难效应将在具有高频率的阴性图片的块中发生。预计尼古丁将减少针对负面图片的目光，并增强对正面图片的关注。在无选择的任务中，当低频率的负面图片与中间的正面图片结合使用时，尼古丁有望具有最大的烦躁不安效果。通过回归分析，将评估性别，非吸烟者状况的潜在调节影响，烟民不吸烟的状况以及性状焦虑，抑郁和抗议的个体差异。这项工作将采用新的实验程序和技术，包括通过红外，计算机跟踪系统的连续监控眼睛凝视模式的个体差异的精确评估。这些研究得出的新知识将有助于制定旨在增加戒烟的基于经验模型的治疗策略。

项目成果

Effects of nicotine and depressive traits on affective priming of lateralized emotional word identification.

• DOI: 10.1037/a0012871
• 发表时间: 2008-08
• 期刊: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Gilbert, David G.;Carlson, Joshua M.;Riise, Hege;Rabinovich, Norka E.;Sugai, Chihiro;Froeliger, Brett
• 通讯作者: Froeliger, Brett

Marijuana and tobacco exposure predict affect-regulation expectancies in dual users.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.002
• 发表时间: 2008-11
• 期刊: ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Martens, K. M.;Gilbert, David G.
• 通讯作者: Gilbert, David G.

APOE genotype influences P3b amplitude and response to smoking abstinence in young adults.

APOE 基因型影响年轻人的 P3b 幅度和对戒烟的反应。

• DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05763-5
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Psychopharmacology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Coppens,Ryan;Rabinovich,NorkaE;Kanneganti,Raghuveer;Diggs,HermanA;Wiggs,Kristin;Healey,Travis;Huggenvik,Jodi;Rose,GregoryM;Gilbert,DavidG
• 通讯作者: Gilbert,DavidG