Smoking Versus Alternative Reinforcers in Adolescents

青少年吸烟与替代强化剂

• 批准号: 6917186
• 负责人: SUZANNE M COLBY
• 金额: $ 38.75万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-05 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6917186
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; choice; clinical research; drug /alcohol abstinence; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; motivation; operant conditionings; psychopharmacology; questionnaires; reinforcer; smoking; tobacco abuse; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; choice; clinical research; drug /alcohol abstinence; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; motivation; operant conditionings; psychopharmacology; questionnaires; reinforcer; smoking; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this research is to increase knowledge about reinforcement mechanisms underlying adolescent smoking by examining the impact of alternative reinforcers on smoking behavior. This programmatic series of studies is designed to yield findings that will enhance the viability of contingency management (CM) interventions, and behavioral interventions more broadly, for adolescent smokers. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to investigate whether smoking choices will decrease systematically with an increasing magnitude of an alternative monetary reinforcer, and whether rate of decrease will be moderated by baseline smoking level; 2) to investigate whether the probability of monetary reinforcement (certain vs. probabilistic) affects smoking choice behavior, and whether this behavior is moderated by baseline risk-taking level; and 3) to investigate whether nonsmokers, lighter smokers and heavier smokers vary in the availability and use of non-smoking reinforcers in the natural environment. Three studies are planned. Studies 1 and 2 manipulate alternative reinforcers within-subjects to test effects on the relative reinforcement value of smoking. Study I is a laboratory choice experiment (N=84) that examines the effects of the magnitude of an alternative monetary reinforcer on the relative reinforcing value of smoking in a 4- session counterbalanced protocol. Study 2 (N=84) uses a 3-session counterbalanced laboratory choice protocol to examine adolescent preferences for smaller but certain monetary reward versus larger but probabilistic monetary reward by comparing choices for each in contrast to opportunities to smoke. Study 3 is an assessment study comparing community samples of smokers (N=124) to a matched sample of nonsmokers (N=96) with respect to the availability and use of alternative reinforcers in their natural environment. Identifying salient reinforcers for adolescents that are unrelated to or inconsistent with smoking may be essential for enhancing the future impact of CM and other behavioral interventions for adolescent smoking cessation. Complementing this research, a Community Advisory Board will provide guidance on practical means of implementing alternative reinforcement strategies to reduce adolescent smoking. Study findings will advance our understanding of reinforcement mechanisms underlying adolescent smoking, which could also have implications for understanding and treating adolescent drug use more generally.

描述（由申请人提供）： 这项研究的长期目标是通过检查替代增强剂对吸烟行为的影响，从而增加有关增强机制的知识。该程序系列的研究旨在产生发现，以提高意外事件管理（CM）干预措施的生存能力，而行为干预措施则更广泛地为青少年吸烟者而言。该项目的具体目的是：1）调查吸烟选择是否会随着替代货币增强剂的幅度增加而系统地降低，以及降低率是否会随着基线吸烟水平而受到调节； 2）研究货币加强的概率（某些与概率）是否会影响吸烟选择行为，以及这种行为是否受基线冒险水平的调节； 3）调查非吸烟者，较轻的吸烟者和较重的吸烟者在自然环境中的可用性和使用方面是否有所不同。计划三项研究。研究1和2操纵替代增强剂在受试者内部，以测试对吸烟相对增强价值的影响。研究I是一个实验室选择实验（n = 84），它检查了替代货币增强剂对4次会话平衡方案中吸烟相对增强价值的幅度的影响。研究2（n = 84）使用3条规定的平衡实验室选择方案来检查青少年偏好，但通过比较每种奖励的机会与烟雾的机会相比，对较小但较大但概率的货币奖励与较大但概率的货币奖励相比。研究3是一项评估研究，将吸烟者的社区样本（n = 124）与匹配的非吸烟者样本（n = 96）进行了比较，就其自然环境中替代增强剂的可用性和使用而言。确定与吸烟无关或与吸烟不一致的青少年的显着增强剂可能对于增强CM和其他行为干预对青少年戒烟的未来影响至关重要。在这项研究中，社区顾问委员会将提供有关实施替代加强策略以减少青少年吸烟的指导。研究发现将提高我们对青少年吸烟潜在的增强机制的理解，这也可能对理解和治疗青少年药物的使用有影响。