The grief of the kings of England, 1066-1307

英国国王的悲痛，1066 年至 1307 年

• 批准号: 2460740
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2460740
• 关键词: grief; kings; England; 1066; 1307

Cultures of emotion in the high medieval era were complex, shifting, and central to the operation of royal power. Grief was particularly potent and dangerous. Contemporary sources are littered with descriptions of kings expressing extreme, debilitating, and often public grief. What can these descriptions tell us about the nature of grief and kingship during the period? I will examine instances of kingly grief to determine how grief and attitudes to grieving changed from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries (Boquet/Nagy, 2018); the role of emotions in strengthening or weakening a king's influence, reach and legitimacy; and the relationship between grief and identity. Little work has been done on grief and kingship in the high middle ages or on the history of emotions related to death. Though scholars have touched briefly on grief (Boquet and Nagy (2018), Evans (2003), and Korpiola and Lahtinen (2005)), studies of pre-modern grief focus on other times, places, and subjects (Vaught, 2003; Aldrin, 2005; Lansing, 2008; Sullivan, 2013; Mills, 2013). The sources describing the grief of the kings of the period with the perspective and methodologies of the history of emotion have yet to be analysed. Only by analysing the precise meaning of grief in its varied occurrences can we delineate emotional communities and begin to unpick its changing meaning.Building on my undergraduate dissertation, The Grief of Henry II of England, I will focus on the grief of England's kings from William the Conqueror to Edward I, a period of significant emotional change as others have identified. I will compare the work completed on French monarchs of the same era to test the assumption that the culture of grief remained shared across the period (Korpiola/Lahtinen, 2005). As well as undertaking an analysis of the accounts in chronicles of kings grieving, I will examine letters, lives, and advice to kings (such as mirrors of princes and consolatio) for descriptions and instructions given to princes on appropriate grieving. In these sources, the authors - often ecclesiastics - draw on, interpret and adapt biblical models of male grief and broader religious thought, from the patristics - particularly St Augustine's Confessions - to changing contemporary philosophies. These contexts - alongside medical texts - reveal changing understandings of passions and their spiritual and physical effect; they are key to unpicking the cultures of grief. Poetry and courtly literature may indicate where lay culture may differ from religious prescription. A comparison of a broad range of sources which variously describe, praise, condemn, and advise will offer a picture of overlapping and varying emotional culture.If the interrelated history of grief and kingship has been neglected, the history of emotions is a growing field, increasingly understood as central to comprehending historical change (Bailey/Barclay, 2017). Emotions during the medieval era had enormous political, cultural, and social significance: emotional displays were an essential tool of kingship, with the power to unify and exclude, organise and disrupt, across every level of society (Boquet and Nagy, 2018). An analysis of descriptions of emotion on their own terms will capture what chroniclers sought to convey, and what contemporary audiences understood. By studying the grief of kings, I will offer a new perspective on kingship, historiography and emotion during the high middle ages.

中世纪高时代的情感文化是复杂的，变化的，是皇家权力运作的核心。悲伤特别有力和危险。当代的消息来源散布着对国王表达极端，令人衰弱和经常悲伤的国王的描述。这些描述可以告诉我们这段时期悲伤和王权的性质？我将研究王室悲痛的实例，以确定对悲伤的悲伤和态度如何从11世纪变成了十三世纪（Boquet/Nagy，2018年）；情绪在加强或削弱国王的影响力，触及和合法性方面的作用；以及悲伤与身份之间的关系。关于中世纪高中的悲伤和王权或与死亡有关的情绪历史，几乎没有完成的工作。尽管学者对悲伤进行了简短的影响（Boquet and Nagy（2018），Evans（2003）以及Korpiola和Lahtinen（2005）），但对前现代悲伤的研究专注于其他时间，地点和主题（Vaught，2003; Aldrin，2005; Aldrin，2005; Lansing，2008; Lansing，2008; Sullivan，2013; Mills; Mills; Mills; Mills; Mills，2013; Mills，2013》。以情感历史的观点和方法论描述了当时国王的悲伤的消息来源尚待分析。只有通过分析悲伤在多种事件中的精确含义，我们才能描述情感社区并开始取消其不断变化的含义。建立我的本科论文，英格兰的亨利二世的悲伤，我将专注于英格兰国王对爱德华（Edward the Edward to the Edward to Edward to Edward of Edward I）的悲伤，这是一个重大的情感变化，这是一个认同的情感。我将比较同一时代法国君主完成的工作，以测试以下假设：在整个时期，悲伤文化仍然存在（Korpiola/Lahtinen，2005年）。除了对国王纪事中的账目进行分析外，我还将对国王（例如王子和统一的镜子）的信件，生命和建议，以示给王子对适当的悲伤的描述和指示。在这些资料中，作者（通常是教会的）借鉴了，解释和适应男性悲伤和更广泛的宗教思想的圣经模型，从爱国者（尤其是圣奥古斯丁的供词）到改变当代哲学。这些环境 - 与医学文本一起 - 揭示了对激情及其精神和身体影响的不断变化。它们是取消悲伤文化的关键。诗歌和宫廷文学可能表明外行文化可能与宗教处方不同。比较各种各样描述，赞美，谴责和建议的广泛来源的比较，将提供重叠和变化的情感文化的图片。如果忽略了悲伤和王权的相互关联的历史，情感的历史是一个日益增长的领域，越来越理解是对理解历史变化的核心（Bailey/Barclay，2017年）。中世纪时代的情感具有巨大的政治，文化和社会意义：情感展示是王权的重要工具，在社会的每个层面上都可以统一和排除，排除，组织和破坏的力量（Boquet and Nagy，2018）。以自己的方式对情感描述的分析将捕捉编年史者试图传达的东西，以及当代观众所理解的内容。通过研究国王的悲伤，我将在中世纪高中提供有关王权，史学和情感的新观点。