MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SPATIAL RELATIONS

空间关系的心理表征

• 批准号: 6932083
• 负责人: TIMOTHY P. MCNAMARA
• 金额: $ 22.65万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-04-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6932083
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; chordate locomotion; clinical research; cognition; computer graphics /printing; computer simulation; discrimination learning; human subject; memory; mental process; neural information processing; orientation; psychological tests; space perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research described in this proposal investigates human spatial memory. The long-term goal of the project is to understand how spatial relations among objects in the environment are represented in memory and how remembered spatial relations are used to guide navigation. The specific aims of the project are to advance the scientific understanding of (a) how location and orientation are updated in memory as people locomote in a previously learned environment; (b) the mental representations and processes used in spatial pointing tasks; (c) the extent to which spatial relations are represented more strongly in directions congruent than in directions incongruent with intrinsic axes of a spatial layout; (d) the acquisition of memories of largescale environments; (e) whether learning a new environment produces multiple representations in memory; and (t) the nature of spatial memories acquired from non-visual modalities, and how they compare to spatial memories acquired visually. Participants will learn locations of objects in spaces ranging in size from a table-top to a large city park. Layouts will be learned by visual inspection, visually guided locomotion, or manual exploration without visual guidance. After learning the layouts, participants will take part in tasks that require them to point to target objects from their actual location or from imagined standing locations and facing directions, to discriminate familiar and novel views of a recently learned spatial layout from views of other spatial layouts, or to decide whether objects are in one layout vs. another. Individual differences, including gender-related effects, will be examined in all experiments. This basic science provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding individual differences in spatial ability, and the debilitating deficits in spatial memory created by stroke, traumatic brain injury, and dementia.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案中描述的研究调查了人类的空间记忆。该项目的长期目标是了解环境中对象之间的空间关系如何在内存中表示，以及如何使用记忆的空间关系来指导导航。该项目的具体目的是提高对（a）在以前学到的环境中机动时在记忆中如何更新位置和方向的科学理解； （b）空间指向任务中使用的心理表示和过程； （c）与与空间布局的固有轴不一致的方向相比，空间关系在多大程度上更强烈地表示； （d）收购大刻度环境的记忆； （e）学习新环境是否会在内存中产生多个表示； （t）从非视态方式获得的空间记忆的性质，以及它们与视觉上获得的空间记忆的比较。参与者将学习从桌面到大型城市公园的大小不等的物体位置。在没有视觉指导的情况下，将通过视觉检查，视觉引导的运动或手动探索来学习布局。在了解了布局之后，参与者将参与要求他们从实际位置或想象中的站立位置和面向方向指向对象的任务，以区分最近熟悉的空间布局的熟悉和新颖的观点，或者从其他空间布局的视图中或确定对象是否在一个布局中与另一个布局相对于另一个布局。在所有实验中将检查个体差异，包括与性别相关的效果。这项基础科学为理解空间能力的个体差异以及通过中风，创伤性脑损伤和痴呆症产生的空间记忆的缺陷提供了理论和经验的基础。