OPTICALLY INDUCED ANISOMETROPIA

光学诱发的屈光参差

• 批准号: 7028681
• 负责人: EARL L SMITH
• 金额: $ 8.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-02-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7028681
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; amblyopia; anisometropia; astigmatism; behavioral /social science research tag; binocular vision; developmental neurobiology; disease /disorder etiology; disease /disorder model; electrophysiology; eye accommodation; eye coordination disorder; eye refraction disorder; infant animal; interocular transfer; psychophysics; ultrasonography; vision aid; vision tests; visual deprivation; visual feedback; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (from the investigator's abstract): Soon after birth, most infants develop near emmetropic refractive errors which are then maintained in both eye throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors (currently about 30 percent of young adults have significant refractive errors). In addition to the high costs for traditional optical corrections, refractive errors can lead to permanent sensory disorders and ocular abnormalities causing blindness. The long-term objectives for the proposed research are to provide a better understanding of the etiologies of human refractive errors and to gain insight into refractive errors as risk factors for the development of sensory disorders like amblyopia and anomalous binocular vision. A primary goal is to determine how early visual experiences, and in particular optical defocus, influences ocular refractive error development. Spectacle lens-rearing regimens will be used to effectively alter the refractive status of infant rhesus monkeys. Optical and ultrasonographic techniques will be used to quantify the effects of these lens-rearing strategies on the development of the eyes axial and refractive components. In addition to determining which ocular components can be influenced by visual experience, the proposed investigation are designed to determine (1) whether the emmetropization process in higher primates is sensitive to and regulated by optical defocus, (2) the relationship between the phenomenon of form-deprivation myopia and the normal emmetropization process, and (3) whether the presence of astigmatism disrupts normal emmetropization. Parallel psychophysical investigations of spatial contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity will examine the relationship between early refractive errors and the development of amblyopia and/or anomalous binocular vision. The behavioral studies will also determine whether the presence of sensory disorders, themselves, can disrupt emmetropization and promote the subsequent development of abnormal refractive errors. The results of these studies are essential for the development of new treatment and management strategies for refractive errors. Moreover, these investigation will help determine the extent to which refractive errors need to be corrected in young infants in order to avoid the development of sensory disorders.

描述（来自研究者的摘要）：出生后不久，大多数婴儿在雌性折射率附近出现，然后在整个儿童期和成年生活中都保持在眼睛中。但是，出于目前尚未理解的原因，大量且越来越多的人口出现异常的折射率（目前约有30％的年轻人屈光不确定错误）。除了进行传统光学校正的高成本外，折射错误还会导致永久性的感觉障碍和眼异常导致失明。拟议的研究的长期目标是更好地了解人类屈光错误的病因，并洞悉屈光误差，这是发展弱视和异常双眼视觉等感觉障碍的风险因素。一个主要目标是确定早期的视觉体验，特别是光学散热器如何影响眼部屈光误差的发展。奇观镜头方案将用于有效改变婴儿恒河猴的折射状态。光学和超声学技术将用于量化这些晶状体策略对眼睛轴向和折射成分的发展的影响。 In addition to determining which ocular components can be influenced by visual experience, the proposed investigation are designed to determine (1) whether the emmetropization process in higher primates is sensitive to and regulated by optical defocus, (2) the relationship between the phenomenon of form-deprivation myopia and the normal emmetropization process, and (3) whether the presence of astigmatism disrupts normal emmetropization.空间对比敏感性和立体稳定性的平行心理物理研究将检查早期屈光不正和弱视和/或异常双眼视觉之间的关系。行为研究还将确定感觉障碍本身是否会破坏弹性化并促进随后的异常折射误差的发展。这些研究的结果对于制定折射错误的新处理和管理策略至关重要。此外，这些调查将有助于确定年轻婴儿需要纠正折射率的程度，以避免感官障碍的发展。