OPTICALLY INDUCED ANISOMETROPIA

光学诱发的屈光参差

• 批准号: 2158873
• 负责人: EARL L SMITH
• 金额: $ 23万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-02-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2158873
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; amblyopia; anisometropia; astigmatism; binocular vision; developmental neurobiology; disease /disorder model; electrophysiology; eye accommodation; eye coordination disorder; eye refraction disorder; infant animal; psychophysics; ultrasonography; vision aid; vision tests; visual deprivation; visual feedback; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (from the investigator's abstract): Soon after birth, most infants develop near emmetropic refractive errors which are then maintained in both eye throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors (currently about 30 percent of young adults have significant refractive errors). In addition to the high costs for traditional optical corrections, refractive errors can lead to permanent sensory disorders and ocular abnormalities causing blindness. The long-term objectives for the proposed research are to provide a better understanding of the etiologies of human refractive errors and to gain insight into refractive errors as risk factors for the development of sensory disorders like amblyopia and anomalous binocular vision. A primary goal is to determine how early visual experiences, and in particular optical defocus, influences ocular refractive error development. Spectacle lens-rearing regimens will be used to effectively alter the refractive status of infant rhesus monkeys. Optical and ultrasonographic techniques will be used to quantify the effects of these lens-rearing strategies on the development of the eye s axial and refractive components. In addition to determining which ocular components can be influenced by visual experience, the proposed investigation are designed to determine (1) whether the emmetropization process in higher primates is sensitive to and regulated by optical defocus, (2) the relationship between the phenomenon of form-deprivation myopia and the normal emmetropization process, and (3) whether the presence of astigmatism disrupts normal emmetropization. Parallel psychophysical investigations of spatial contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity will examine the relationship between early refractive errors and the development of amblyopia and/or anomalous binocular vision. The behavioral studies will also determine whether the presence of sensory disorders, themselves, can disrupt emmetropization and promote the subsequent development of abnormal refractive errors. The results of these studies are essential for the development of new treatment and management strategies for refractive errors. Moreover, these investigation will help determine the extent to which refractive errors need to be corrected in young infants in order to avoid the development of sensory disorders.

描述（来自调查员的摘要）：出生后不久，大多数 婴儿在胚胎折射率附近发生，然后 在整个童年和成年早期生活中都保持在眼睛。 但是，由于目前尚未理解的原因，这是一个重要的 人口比例的增加形成异常折射率 错误（目前约有30％的年轻人有明显的 折射错误）。 除了传统的高成本 光学校正，折射率可能导致永久感官 疾病和眼异常导致失明。长期 拟议研究的目标是提供更好的 了解人类屈光错误的病因并获得 深入了解屈光错误是发展的风险因素 弱视和异常双眼视力等感觉障碍。 一个 主要目标是确定早期的视觉体验以及 特定的光学散焦，影响眼折射误差 发展。 奇观镜头方案将用于 有效地改变婴儿恒河猴的折射状态。 光学和超声学技术将用于量化 这些抚养镜头策略对眼睛发展的影响 S轴向和折射率。 除了确定哪个 眼部成分可能会受到视觉体验的影响 研究旨在确定（1）是否弹性化 较高灵长类动物的过程对光学敏感和调节 散焦，（2）形式剥夺现象之间的关系 近视和正常的弹性化过程，（3）是否是 散光的存在破坏了正常的弹性化。 平行线 空间对比敏感性的心理物理研究和 立体定性将检查早期折射率之间的关系 错误和弱视和/或异常双眼的发展 想象。 行为研究还将确定是否存在 感觉障碍本身可以破坏润气和促进 随后的异常折射率发生的发展。结果 这些研究对于开发新治疗和 屈光不正的管理策略。 而且，这些 调查将有助于确定折射率的程度 需要在年轻婴儿中纠正以避免发展 感觉障碍。