Neurophysiological Correlates of Information Processing

信息处理的神经生理学相关性

• 批准号: 6725367
• 负责人: ELYSE S SUSSMAN
• 金额: $ 27.76万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-15 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6725367
• 关键词: attention; auditory stimulus; clinical research; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; human subject; neural information processing; psycholinguistics; sound; sound perception

The broad objective of the proposed research is to provide a more detailed understanding of the stimulus-driven processes that contribute to auditory perception. We will use the high temporal resolution of event-related potentials (ERPs) in conjunction with behavioral methods to compare the outcome of stimulus-driven auditory processes with the perception resulting from attentive processing of the same sounds, across various experimental conditions. This will allow us to evaluate the processing stages between sensory input and behavioral response. There are three main aims of the proposal. One is to determine the extent of processing of unattended acoustic information. Four experiments address this aim. One tests the processing capacity for unattended sounds. Another determines whether the process of auditory feature integration requires attention. A third tests the hypothesis that the auditory system organizes information from multiple unattended sources when attention is directed to a single acoustic source. The fourth investigates stimulus context effects on auditory event formation. A second aim is to understand how attention and stimulus-driven processes interact. Two experiments address this aim. One investigates how perception relates to stimulus-driven auditory event formation and another, the role of attention in auditory stream formation. The third aim is to investigate effects of attention on early sensory grouping processes. One experiment will test the hypothesis that top-down processing can modify the stimulus- driven sound organization. Deficits in central auditory processing are thought to play a key role in many cognitive disorders (e.g., autism or dyslexia). Using electrophysiological measures, in conjunction with behavioral methods, to delineate the stimulus-driven processes that contribute to auditory perception can help advance our understanding of impaired processing, which is essential for developing rehabilitative treatments. Furthermore, because subject response is not needed for obtaining the ERP components (such as N1 and MMN), this methodology has the potential to be an important non-invasive tool for diagnosis of central auditory processing deficits that contribute to impaired cognition.

拟议研究的广泛目标是对刺激驱动的过程有助于听觉感知的过程进行更详细的了解。 我们将使用与行为方法结合事件相关电位（ERP）的高时间分辨率来比较刺激驱动的听觉过程的结果与各种实验条件下对相同声音的精心处理所产生的感知。 这将使我们能够评估感觉输入和行为响应之间的处理阶段。该提案的主要目的有三个。 一种是确定无人看管的声学信息的处理程度。四个实验解决了这一目标。 一个人测试无人值守的声音的处理能力。 另一个决定听觉功能集成的过程是否需要注意。 第三个检验了以下假设：当注意力转移到单个声学源时，听觉系统从多个无人看管的来源组织信息。 第四个研究刺激上下文对听觉事件形成的影响。 第二个目的是了解注意力和刺激驱动的过程如何相互作用。 两个实验解决了这一目标。 一个人研究了感知与刺激驱动的听觉事件形成的关系，另一个人在听觉流形成中的作用。第三个目的是研究注意力对早期感觉分组过程的影响。 一个实验将测试自上而下处理可以改变刺激驱动的声音组织的假设。 中央听觉处理中的缺陷被认为在许多认知障碍（例如自闭症或阅读障碍）中起关键作用。 使用电生理措施与行为方法结合使用，描述有助于听觉感知的刺激驱动的过程可以帮助提高我们对受损处理的理解，这对于开发康复治疗至关重要。 此外，由于获得ERP成分（例如N1和MMN）不需要受试者反应，因此该方法可能是诊断中央听觉处理缺陷的重要非侵入性工具，这些缺陷导致认知受损。