Neurobiological Bases of Auditory Scene Analysis

听觉场景分析的神经生物学基础

• 批准号: 7018457
• 负责人: ELYSE S SUSSMAN
• 金额: $ 36.91万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7018457
• 关键词: age difference; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); clinical research; developmental disease /disorder; electroencephalography; electrooculography; evoked potentials; human middle age (35-64); human subject; language development; language disorders; learning; neurophysiology; sound perception; speech; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that nonlinguistic auditory perception is essential for normal speech development. Despite the evidence that children with developmental language disorders (DLD) have deficits in processing low-level acoustic information, the specific nature of the auditory perceptual deficits is not known. The proposal will investigate the ability to segment or group acoustic input because impairments in the ability to organize sound could contribute to poor speech discrimination skills and interfere with learning in common multi-source listening situations, such as the classroom. The ultimate purpose is to ascertain standard measures of the normal development of perceptual sound organization in school-aged children upon which measures in language-impaired children can be compared. School-aged children (6-11 years) and young adults (21-40 years) will be studied. A combination of electrophysiological and behavioral measures will be examined. We will analyze selected components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) that index different stages and attentional states of auditory processing. ERP analysis will be supplemented by analysis of frequency-specific components in the electroencephalogram (EEG). This approach will enable us to assess developmental features of how cortical sensory representations of sound impact upon perception of multiple sound streams. Assessing the relationship between stimulus-driven and attention-driven processes in typically language developing (TLD) children (via the studies proposed in the current application) is crucial for designing future studies that test whether or not language impairments can be attributed to stimulus-driven cortical sound representations, and to assess the degree to which attentional factors influence perception of sound streams. We will test the following hypotheses: 1) Stimulus parameters determining the segregation of sounds change as a function of age. 2) Electrophysiological indices of stream segregation correlate with behavioral measures in TLD children and adults. 3) Perceptual training facilitates stream segregation, as indexed by changes in electrophysiological and behavioral measures. The use of the ERP and EEG measures to assess developmental markers of sound organization is advantageous because these indices can be obtained in young children and impaired populations. This methodological approach has the potential to be an important non-invasive tool for diagnosis and assessment of central auditory processing deficits that lead to impaired language.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的目的是检验以下假设：非语言听觉感知对于正常语音发展至关重要。尽管有证据表明患有发育语言障碍（DLD）的儿童在处理低级声学信息方面存在缺陷，但听觉感知缺陷的特定性质尚不清楚。该提案将调查细分或分组声音输入的能力，因为组织声音的能力的障碍可能导致语音歧视技能不佳，并干扰在常见的多源听力情况下（例如课堂）学习。最终的目的是确定学龄儿童感知组织正常发展的标准措施，可以将其措施比较受语言障碍儿童的措施进行比较。将研究学龄儿童（6-11岁）和年轻人（21 - 40岁）。将检查电生理和行为措施的结合。我们将分析与事件相关的大脑电位（ERP）的选定组件，这些组件索引了不同的阶段和听觉处理的注意状态。 ERP分析将通过分析脑电图（EEG）中的频率特异性组件进行补充。这种方法将使我们能够评估声音对多个声流的感知的声音感觉表示的发展特征。评估典型语言发展（TLD）儿童（通过当前应用中提出的研究）评估刺激驱动的和注意力驱动过程之间的关系至关重要皮质声音表示，并评估注意因素影响声流的感知的程度。我们将测试以下假设：1）刺激参数确定声音的分离随着年龄的函数而变化。 2）流分离的电生理指数与TLD儿童和成人的行为度量相关。 3）感知训练有助于流分离，如电生理和行为措施的变化所索引。使用ERP和EEG措施来评估声音组织的发展标志物是有利的，因为这些指数可以在幼儿和人群受损中获得。这种方法学方法有可能成为诊断和评估中央听觉处理缺陷的重要非侵入性工具，从而导致语言受损。