Study and Modulation of Brain Plasticity

大脑可塑性的研究和调节

• 批准号: 6706463
• 负责人: Alvaro Pascual-Leone
• 金额: $ 12.05万
• 依托单位: BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6706463
• 关键词: Parkinson' s disease; aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; blindness; brain electrical activity; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; cats; clinical research; computational neuroscience; functional ability; human subject; learning; neural plasticity; patient oriented research; psychomotor function; schizophrenia; sleep; stroke; transcranial magnetic stimulation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K24 Midcareer Investigator Award application outlines a program of patient-oriented research involving the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the study and modulation of brain plasticity during the acquisition of new skills and the recovery of function after a stroke. The principal investigator, Alvaro PascuaI-Leone, M.D., Ph.D., completed his neurology training in 1990 and a fellowship in human cortical physiology and motor control under the mentorship of Prof. Mark Hallett at the NINDS in 1994. He is an accomplished clinical investigator in the areas of motor learning and brain plasticity and has a proven track record as a mentor for graduate students, fellows, and junior faculty pursuing careers in behavioral neurology related clinical investigation. He has devoted much of his career to the development of TMS as a novel tool for the investigation of brain-behavior relations and a non-invasive method for modulation of cortical brain activity. Since 1999 he is an associate director of the Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center (GCRC). This application encompassess 6 broad specific aims that address: (1) the role of efferent demand and afferent input on human cortical plasticity in the normal adult; (2) the impact of focal brain injury on motor learning-related adult human cortical plasticity; (3) the modification of brain plasticity and motor learning in the setting of cortico-subcortical pathology; (4) the modulation of brain plasticity by mental imagery; (5) the modulation of brain plasticity by repetitive TMS; and (6) the mechanisms of action of TMS on the brain. Translational efforts combining insights from basic experiment on animal models, computer modelling, neurogenetics, neurohysiology, neuroimaging, cognitive neuroscience, and neurological studies are a cornerstone of these aims that provide different clearly defined paths for fellows and junior faculty to pursue patient-oriented clinical research under the guidance of clinical research and laboratory mentors. Regular meetings with Dr. PascuaI-Leone, multidisciplinary conferences, focused clinical rotations, participation in a clinical investigation course, continuing medical education courses on TMS, and a newly established mentorship program, co-directed by Dr. PascuaI-Leone, will round out the trainees experience. Taken together this work should provide novel insights into strategies to enhance recovery of function after brain injury and, at the same time, provide superb training for the next cadre of clinical investigators who will be counted on to extend this effort.

描述（由申请人提供）：此K24中级研究者奖申请申请概述了一项针对患者的研究计划，涉及在获得新技能和中风后的功能恢复期间的研究和调节大脑可塑性中使用经颅磁刺激（TMS）。首席研究员Alvaro Pascuai-Leone，医学博士，博士学位，在1990年完成了他的神经病学培训，并在1994年在Ninds的Mark Hallett教授的指导下获得了人类皮质生理学和运动控制的研究金，他是一名成熟的临床研究者。从事行为神经学与临床研究有关的职业。他的职业生涯大部分时间都致力于开发TMS，作为调查脑行为关系的新工具和一种用于调节皮质脑活动的非侵入性方法。自1999年以来，他一直是哈佛大学 - thorndike通用临床研究中心（GCRC）的副主任。该应用程序包括6个广泛的特定目标：（1）正常成年人对人皮质可塑性的传出需求和传入输入的作用； （2）局灶性脑损伤对运动相关的成年人皮质可塑性的影响； （3）在皮质增生病理学的环境中，大脑可塑性和运动学习的修饰； （4）通过心理图像调节大脑可塑性； （5）通过重复的TMS调节脑可塑性； （6）TMS对大脑的作用机理。转化努力结合了动物模型基础实验，计算机建模，神经遗传学，神经物质学，神经影像学，认知神经科学和神经学研究的见解，是这些目标的基石，这些基石为临床研究和实验室的指导性研究提供了不同定义的研究员和初级教师的明确定义的途径。定期与Pascuai-Leone博士，多学科会议，重点临床轮换，参加临床调查课程，持续的TMS医学教育课程以及由Pascuai-Leone博士共同指导的新成立的指导计划，将为受训者的经验提供。这项工作应提供对增强脑损伤后功能恢复的策略的新见解，同时，为下一个临床研究人员提供了出色的培训，他们将被指望延长这项工作。