Ecological baselines, biodiversity conservation and human-wildlife co-existence - opportunities and insights from natural history collections

生态基线、生物多样性保护和人类与野生动物共存——自然历史收藏的机遇和见解

• 批准号: 2390158
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2390158
• 关键词: Ecological; baselines; biodiversity; conservation; human

Anthropogenic pressures are causing a global biodiversity crisis, with 75% of the planet's terrestrial and 66% of its marine environments "severely altered" by human activity (IPBES, 2019), and with humanity's extraction of environmental resources outweighing nature's capacity to provide them (Dasgupta, 2021). Biodiversity is critical for humanity's survival, but we are squeezing it out - at our peril (Whitmee et al., 2015; Pievani, 2014). We need to urgently transform our relationships and interactions with the natural world that supports us (Diaz et al., 2019), moving towards a sustainable co-existence that enables us all to thrive. We also face the challenge of 'shifting baseline'- syndrome - shifting perceptions of what constitutes 'pristine' environmental conditions linked to short human life expectancies and historic knowledge gaps (Pauly, 1995; Papworth et al., 2009). We need long-term information on species, ecological settings and human-wildlife interactions as context and reference to assess change, and to understand and support effective conservation and co-existence. Natural history collections offer an unparalleled yet under-utilised archive of biological data, with opportunities to provide insights into biodiversity, ecology, conservation and human-wildlife coexistence, potentially before the acceleration of human impacts (Johnson et al., 2011; Brummitt et al., 2015; Bartomeus et al., 2019; Lughadha et al., 2019; Meineke et al., 2019; Ewers-Saucedo et al., 2021). This project will investigate the opportunities and challenges of natural history collections to provide insights into historical information and timelines on biodiversity and human-wildlife interactions and coexistence, focusing on marine vertebrates. Collection data will then be combined with additional, modern and historical sources (e.g. local ecological knowledge) for a holistic approach in generating knowledge. Finally, the project will explore links between these results and human and environmental factors to inform biodiversity conservation and restoration aims and approaches. The context and reliability of this approach will also be considered.

人为压力正在引发全球生物多样性危机，地球 75% 的陆地环境和 66% 的海洋环境因人类活动而“严重改变”（IPBES，2019），而且人类对环境资源的开采超过了大自然提供这些资源的能力（达斯古普塔，2021）。生物多样性对于人类的生存至关重要，但我们正在将其挤出——这将给我们带来危险（Whitmee 等，2015；Pievani，2014）。我们需要紧急改变我们与支持我们的自然世界的关系和互动（Diaz et al., 2019），走向可持续的共存，使我们所有人都能繁荣发展。我们还面临着“基线转移”综合症的挑战，即对“原始”环境条件的看法发生了变化，这些环境条件与人类预期寿命短和历史知识差距有关（Pauly，1995；Papworth 等，2009）。我们需要有关物种、生态环境和人类与野生动物相互作用的长期信息，作为评估变化的背景和参考，并理解和支持有效的保护和共存。自然历史收藏提供了无与伦比但未充分利用的生物数据档案，有机会在人类影响加速之前提供对生物多样性、生态、保护和人类与野生动物共存的见解（Johnson 等，2011；Brummitt 等） .，2015；Lughadha 等，2019； 2019；Ewers-Saucedo 等人，2021）。该项目将调查自然历史收藏的机遇和挑战，以提供有关生物多样性以及人类与野生动物相互作用和共存的历史信息和时间表的见解，重点关注海洋脊椎动物。然后，收集的数据将与其他现代和历史来源（例如当地生态知识）相结合，以形成知识生成的整体方法。最后，该项目将探讨这些结果与人类和环境因素之间的联系，为生物多样性保护和恢复的目标和方法提供信息。还将考虑这种方法的背景和可靠性。