Oceanic island museomics: human impact and the natural laboratory paradigm

大洋岛博物馆组学：人类影响和自然实验室范式

• 批准号: 2330960
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2330960
• 关键词: Oceanic; island; museomics; human; impact; Oceanic; island; museomics; human; impact

Project Highlights - Testing the assumptions of the natural laboratory paradigm - the idea that islands are ideal model systems for studying evolution- Using archival collections in novel ways to address novel questions- Multidisciplinary training integrating aDNA work at University of Warwick with herbarium and field-based research at the Natural History Museum.Oceanic islands have long been recognised as 'natural laboratories', ideally suited for in-situ studies of evolution. They provide some of the most striking, text book examples of adaptive radiations and have played - and continue to play - a major role in the development of key concepts in biology. At the same time, their biota, that are so rich in unique diversity, are also among the most globally endangered. In the Azores, for example, it is estimated that less than 10% of the native forest at the time of colonisation in 1439 survives whilst in the Canaries and in Easter island, palaeoecological data points to pre-historic, human-mediated extinction of dominant tree species. More recent records of extinction - backed by specimens in museums and herbaria - are known from many oceanic islands worldwide. Developments in molecular biology, notably the development of Next Generation Sequencing techniques (NGS) have the potential to greatly extend the scope of studies on 'island laboratories' to encompass fundamental questions relating to the genetic basis of island diversification events. The acquisition of DNA sequence data at the genomic level is providing unprecedented opportunities to uncover the history of lineages in non-model organisms. It is allowing us to elucidate evolutionary relationships in rapidly evolving island lineages that were previously intractable and to start to understand the genomic basis of speciation events, to determine the number of loci involved in speciation, the nature of the genetic differences, and what those loci control.However, the 'natural laboratory' paradigm assumes that diversity patterns on islands are the result of natural ecological and evolutionary processes. It assumes that the impact of humans is not significant for the interpretation of those patterns. Is that a valid assumption? Given the scale and breadth of human impact on oceanic islands, this project aims to test this assumption of the natural laboratory paradigm across a spectrum of evolutionary questions.MethodologyWe propose to test the assumptions of the natural laboratory paradigm using the floras of St Helena. There are classic examples of evolutionary processes such as adaptive radiation; humans have had a profound impact on their biota and there is a history of botanical collecting spanning the last three hundred years, a period of profound change. We will focus the study on Trochetiopsis in St Helena. Next generation sequencing coupled with ancient DNA techniques will be used to generate data from both living and herbarium material for these evolutionary radiations. We will contrast inferences based only on living material with those also incorporating archival samples. This will allow us to elucidate the impact of range reductions and extinctions on phylogenetic and phylogeographic questions at different scales - from broad scale sister taxon relationships of island clades to population-level analyses.

项目亮点 - 测试自然实验室范式的假设 - 岛屿是研究进化的理想模型系统 - 使用档案收集以新颖的方式解决新颖问题的档案收集 - 多学科培训在沃里克大学与沃里克大学的ADNA工作相结合，并在植物园的基于现场的研究中，自然岛上的自然岛知识研究了自然实验室，是在自然实验室中识别的，这是一个理想的研究。它们提供了一些最引人注目的教科书示例，这些例子是自适应辐射的例子，并在生物学主要概念的发展中发挥了 - 并继续发挥作用。同时，他们的生物群岛如此丰富的独特多样性，也是全球最濒危的生物群岛。例如，在亚速尔群岛中，据估计，在1439年殖民时，只有不到10％的本地森林幸存，而在金丝雀和复活节岛，古生态数据指向前历史，人类介导的主要树种的灭绝。灭绝的最新记录 - 由博物馆和草药中的标本支持 - 在世界各地的许多海洋岛上都知道。分子生物学的发展，尤其是下一代测序技术（NGS）的发展有可能大大扩展“岛实验室”研究的范围，以涵盖与岛屿多元化事件的遗传基础有关的基本问题。在基因组水平上获得DNA序列数据的获取正在提供前所未有的机会，以揭示非模型生物中谱系的历史。它使我们能够在快速发展的岛屿血统中阐明进化关系，这些岛屿谱系既棘手又开始理解物种事件的基因组基础，以确定物种形成所涉及的基因座数量，遗传差异的性质以及这些基因座的控制以及这些自然实验室在群岛上的多样性过程和自然的过程中的阶段是有效的。它假设人类的影响对于解释这些模式并不重要。这是一个有效的假设吗？鉴于人类对海洋岛屿的影响的规模和广度，该项目旨在测试跨进化性问题的自然实验室范式的假设。Methodologyweologywe提议使用圣海伦娜（St Helena）的植物群测试自然实验室范式的假设。有经典的进化过程例子，例如自适应辐射。人类对其生物群体产生了深远的影响，并且有一个跨三百年来的植物收集的历史，这是一个深刻的变化时期。我们将把研究重点放在圣海伦娜的trochetiopsis上。下一代测序以及古老的DNA技术将用于为这些进化辐射生成来自生存和植物标志材料的数据。我们将仅基于生物材料与还包含档案样本的材料进行对比。这将使我们能够在不同尺度上阐明降低范围和灭绝对系统发育和植物学问题的影响 - 从岛屿进化枝的广泛姐妹分类群的关系到人口级分析。