Best Practices in Adolescent HIV VCT

青少年 HIV VCT 最佳实践

• 批准号: 6696666
• 负责人: Beatrice J. Krauss
• 金额: $ 13.85万
• 依托单位: HUNTER COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-07 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6696666
• 关键词: AIDS /HIV test; AIDS education /prevention; HIV infections; adolescence (12-20); clinical research; community health services; counseling; health care policy; health care professional practice; health care referral /consultation; health care service evaluation; health services research tag; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human immunodeficiency virus; human subject; patient care management; social support network; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that at least half of new HIV infections in the US are among individuals under age 25. Gains in risk reduction for HIV among Men who have Sex with Men and IV Drug Users have been offset by increased transmission among those 25 and under. Among the tools recommended by the CDC for primary and secondary prevention of HIV are voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing (VCT). For most organizations serving at-risk youth--school, vocational, GED, substance use, and recreation programs--the prevention of HIV is not their primary or even secondary service goal. Programs with the greatest access often have the least capacity to engage youth in a process likely to reduce HIV risk and encourage testing where appropriate. The most recent guidelines for adolescent VCT are useful for medical practitioners with a history of high-quality and youth-friendly services. However, for social service providers who do not provide testing, they do not sufficiently address the issues faced by staff when referring or providing follow-up to clients. These structural issues have not been previously attended to in research. The Hunter College Center on AIDS, Drugs and Community Health, in partnership with National Development and Research Institutes, is proposing a two-year research project to examine the broader context and practice of VCT. This project will examine the structural factors that affect the efficacy of HIV VCT as a prevention strategy for medical and non-medical social service providers. Utilizing participatory methodologies and a functionalist approach, the expertise of practitioners, researchers, and youth will be tapped to examine current practice. We propose to: 1. Identify existing policies, protocols, and issues regarding the HIV assessment, referral, counseling, testing and follow-up process for youth at medical and community-based sites, including structural barriers and gaps in understanding and practice that may undermine HIV VCT functioning as an effective prevention strategy for adolescents. 2. Develop "Best Practice" guidelines for assessment, referral, counseling, testing, and follow-up for HIV VCT at medical and community-based sites that are developmentally appropriate for diverse subpopulations of youth, including those most at risk. This initial research will begin to build a body of knowledge about the barriers to and facilitators of effective assessment, referral and follow-up for adolescent HIV VCT. Changes in technology, e.g., rapid-result testing of finger-stick blood samples, adds to the importance of the current study.

描述（由申请人提供）：疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）估计，美国至少有一半的新艾滋病毒感染是25岁以下的人群。与男性发生性关系的男性，艾滋病毒的风险降低和IV吸毒者的风险降低已经被那些25及以下的传播增加了。 CDC推荐的用于初级和二级预防HIV的工具包括自愿艾滋病毒咨询和测试（VCT）。对于大多数服务于高风险青年的组织 - 学校，职业，GED，药物使用和娱乐计划 - 预防HIV并不是他们的主要甚至二级服务目标。访问权限最大的计划通常具有使青年参与可能降低艾滋病毒风险并在适当情况下进行测试的过程的能力最少。青少年VCT的最新指南对于具有高质量和青年服务史的医生很有用。但是，对于不提供测试的社会服务提供商，他们在转介或向客户提供后续行动时没有充分解决员工所面临的问题。这些结构性问题以前尚未在研究中遇到。与国家发展和研究机构合作，亨特学院的艾滋病，毒品和社区健康中心正在提议一项为期两年的研究项目，以研究VCT的更广泛背景和实践。该项目将研究影响HIV VCT作为医学和非医疗社会服务提供者的预防策略的结构性因素。利用参与式方法和功能主义方法，将利用从业者，研究人员和青年的专业知识来检查当前的实践。我们建议：1。确定有关艾滋病毒评估，转诊，咨询，测试和后续过程的现有政策，方案和问题，用于在医学和社区站点的青年，包括理解和实践的结构性障碍和差距，这些障碍和差距可能破坏HIV VCT，这些障碍VCT作为青少年有效的预防策略，以使HIV VCT发挥作用。 2。制定“最佳实践”指南，以在基于医学和社区的网站上为HIV VCT进行评估，推荐，咨询，测试和后续行动，这些网站在开发上适合于年轻人的各种亚群，包括最有风险的年轻人。这项最初的研究将开始建立有关青少年HIV VCT的有效评估，推荐和随访的障碍和促进者的知识。技术的变化，例如对手指粘的血液样本的快速分辨测试增加了当前研究的重要性。