A new method to measure taste bud function

测量味蕾功能的新方法

基本信息

批准号：
6745548
负责人：
STEPHEN D. ROPER
金额：
$ 15.15万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-06-01 至 2005-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6745548
关键词：
biosensor device electrical measurement electrochemistry laboratory mouse laboratory rat mechanoreceptors method development microelectrodes neurotransmitter transport serotonin stimulus /response synapses taste buds time resolved data tissue /cell preparation

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The following proposal outlines a new methodology for the chemical senses and tests a specific hypothesis about taste bud function. We propose to apply highly-sensitive electrochemical microsensors to study neurotransmitters released by synapses in taste buds of mice and rats. Our hypothesis is that certain taste cells release serotonin as a neurotransmitter. To date, no neurotransmitter has been unambiguously identified and its release detected in taste buds. Electrochemical microsensors may accomplish this. This methodology utilizes small carbon fiber probes that measure the release of certain neurotransmitters, especially biogenic amines such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Electrochemical microsensors using carbon fiber probes are highly sensitive--the amount of transmitter released by an individual synaptic vesicle can be reliably detected. This technique has been used for many years in investigations of central nervous system synapses and transmitter release in tissue cultures. Our pilot studies in rats suggest that electrochemical microsensors can also be applied to investigate synapses in taste buds and to monitor real-time release of serotonin. We will construct and optimize carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) suitable for recording from taste buds. We will develop appropriate preparations of lingual tissues for recording transmitter release from taste bud cells in mice and rats. We will identify whether serotonin or some other biogenic amine is released by stimulating taste buds. We will test whether chemical or mechanical (or both) stimuli evoke serotonin and will also investigate other possible forms of stimulation (e.g. hyper- and hypoosmotic shock). The results will provide information about taste neurotransmitters and will shed light on the enigmatic role of the serotonergic Merkel-like cells found in taste buds. If these cells turn out to be mechanoreceptors, the results may explain how taste buds detect food texture. This will greatly further our understanding of food selection and diet.

描述（由申请人提供）：以下提案概述了化学感官的新方法，并检验了有关味蕾功能的特定假设。我们建议应用高度敏感的电化学微传感器来研究由小鼠和大鼠味蕾突触释放的神经递质。我们的假设是某些味觉细胞将5-羟色胺释放为神经递质。迄今为止，还没有明确鉴定出神经递质，并且在味蕾中检测到其释放。电化学微传感器可能会这样做。该方法利用了小的碳纤维探针来测量某些神经递质的释放，尤其是生物胺，例如5-羟色胺，多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素。使用碳纤维探针的电化学微传感器高度敏感 - 可以可靠地检测到单个突触囊泡释放的发射器量。该技术已用于研究中枢神经系统突触和组织培养物中的发射机释放。我们在大鼠中的试点研究表明，电化学微传感器也可以应用于味蕾中的突触并监测5-羟色胺的实时释放。我们将构建和优化适合从味蕾记录的碳纤维电极（CFE）。我们将开发适当的舌组织制剂，以记录小鼠和大鼠味蕾释放的发射机。我们将确定5-羟色胺或其他一些生物胺是通过刺激味蕾释放的。我们将测试化学还是机械（或两者）刺激是否引起5-羟色胺，还将研究其他可能的刺激形式（例如，超湿性休克）。结果将提供有关味觉神经递质的信息，并将阐明味道芽中的5-羟色素能细胞的神秘作用。如果这些细胞被证明是机械感受器，则结果可以解释味蕾如何检测食物质地。这将大大进一步了解食物选择和饮食。