Optical Imaging of Seizure Activity in Adult Neocortex

成人新皮质癫痫活动的光学成像

• 批准号: 6747650
• 负责人: DARYL William HOCHMAN
• 金额: $ 22.18万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-05-15 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6747650
• 关键词: Macaca; adult human (21+); biomedical equipment development; blood flow measurement; blood volume; brain circulation; brain disorder diagnosis; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; clinical research; computer data analysis; electrophysiology; epilepsy; human subject; light scattering; microelectrodes; neocortex; neurophysiology; optics; oxygen transport; spectrometry

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Changes in the optical properties of brain tissue are associated with changes in the level of neuronal activity. The method of mapping these activity-evoked optical changes is known as 'imaging of intrinsic optical signals' (IIOS), and can provide high-resolution maps of functional and pathological activity in brain tissue. Intrinsic optical signals (lOS) are thought to be generated by a combination of at least three distinct physiological mechanisms: i) changes in blood volume, ii) changes in blood oxygenation, and iii) blood-independent light scattering changes resulting from ion fluxes associated with neuronal activity. Each of these components provides important and distinct types of physiological information. IIOS has several advantages over other imaging modalities that include its relative low cost, and its unique ability to map interictal and ictal epileptiform activity with high temporal and spatial resolution. Consequently, IIOS has the potential to become a powerful tool with broad applicability in the study and treatment of epilepsy. However, IIOS has remained of limited clinical and laboratory use for at least two reasons. First, incomplete knowledge about the physiological mechanisms that generate functionally- and seizure-evoked optical changes in brain tissue limits our ability to interpret IIOS data. Second, there has been relatively little rigorous effort in determining how well IIOS data correlates spatially and temporally to functional and epileptiform neuronal activity in primates and humans. The major goals of this project are to determine the physiological mechanisms that generate normal and seizure-evoked lOS, and to establish the spatial and temporal correlates between lOS and epileptiform neuronal activity. Once these goals are achieved, the first steps will be taken to develop IIOS as a practical method for the intraoperative localization of neocortical seizure foci in adult human patients. The specific aims of this project are to: i) develop optical imaging-based spectroscopic techniques that will enable IIOS to provide high-resolution maps of changes in blood oxygenation, blood volume, and blood-independent changes in primates and human patients; ii) combine IIOS and electrophysiological studies towards gaining a more complete understanding of the links between seizure activity and the epileptiform-evoked changes in cortical hemodynamics and metabolism; and iii) apply IIOS towards the high-resolution intraoperative localization of seizure activity in human patients.

描述（由申请人提供）： 脑组织光学特性的变化与神经元活性水平的变化有关。映射这些活性引起的光学变化的方法称为“内在光学信号的成像”（IIOS），可以提供脑组织功能和病理活性的高分辨率图。固有的光学信号（LOS）被认为是通过至少三种不同的生理机制的组合产生的：i）血液体积的变化，ii）血液氧合的变化； iii）与神经元活性相关的离子通量导致血液无关的光散射变化。这些组件中的每一个都提供了重要和不同类型的生理信息。 IIOS比其他成像方式具有多个优点，包括其相对低成本，以及其独特的介绍和发射异常活性的能力，并具有高时间和空间分辨率。因此，IIOS有潜力成为具有广泛适用性和治疗癫痫的强大工具。但是，由于至少两个原因，IIOS仍然存在有限的临床和实验室使用。首先，关于在功能上产生功能和癫痫发作的脑组织的光学变化的生理机制的不完整知识限制了我们解释IIOS数据的能力。其次，在确定IIOS数据在空间和时间上与灵长类动物和人类的功能和癫痫样神经元活性之间相关的IIOS数据的努力相对较少。该项目的主要目标是确定产生正常和癫痫发作的LOS的生理机制，并建立LOS与癫痫样神经元活性之间的空间和时间相关性。一旦实现了这些目标，将采取第一步来开发IIOS作为成人人类患者新皮层癫痫发作局部术中定位的实际方法。该项目的具体目的是：i）开发基于光学成像的光谱技术，该技术将使IIOS能够提供有关灵长类动物和人类患者的血液氧合，血容量以及血液无关的变化的高分辨率图； ii）将IIOS和电生理学研究结合在一起，以更完整地了解癫痫活性与皮质血流动力学和代谢的癫痫样变化之间的联系； iii）将IIOS应用于人类患者癫痫发作活性的高分辨率术中定位。