MODELS OF NORMAL & POSTSTROKE HEMISPHERIC INTERACTIONS

正常模型

基本信息

批准号：
6786005
负责人：
JAMES A REGGIA
金额：
$ 25.52万
依托单位：
UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1996-09-20 至 2007-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6786005
关键词：
association learning brain interhemispheric activity cerebral dominance computational neuroscience corpus callosums disease /disorder model experimental brain lesion human data interhemispheric transfer learning transfer neural plasticity stroke

项目摘要

Current understanding of the origins of cerebral specialization and of hemispheric interactions is fairly limited. For example, it is unclear which recognized cortical asymmetries lead to lateralization, whether the net influence of one hemisphere on the other is excitatory or inhibitory, and to the extent to which the intact contralateral hemisphere contributes to recovery following a cortical lesion such as a stroke. The long-term goal of this work is to gain a better understanding of these issues by developing and studying neural models of emergent hemispheric lateralization and of hemispheric interactions as those models recover from simulated cortical lesions. The models consist of networks of paired left and right cortical regions connected by a simulated corpus callosum. The specific aims are: 1. to test the hypothesis that models have excitatory callosal connections and indirect interhemispheric competition can better explain data from biological/behavioral experiments than previous models; 2. to determine how learning one behavioral task can influence the direction/extent of another task's lateralization; 3. to determine how multiple underlying hemispheric asymmetries in a single model interact, altering the direction/extent of lateralization produced by each alone; and 4. to examine lateralization and post-lesion hemispheric interactions in a neurobiologically-grounded model of associative word learning that is directly comparable to behavioral, clinical and functional imaging data. This is the first systematic attempt to better understand cerebral specialization and transcallosal diaschisis using computational models. The results will directly relate to ongoing experimental work, have important implications for current theories of the mechanisms underlying hemispheric functional asymmetries and post-stroke recovery, and may suggest new therapeutic concepts for stroke patients.

当前对脑专业起源和半球相互作用的起源的理解是相当有限的。例如，尚不清楚哪些公认的皮质不对称会导致偏侧化，一个半球对另一半球的净影响是兴奋性的还是抑制性的，并且在完整的相对半球在诸如中风之类的皮质病变之后的恢复程度上有助于恢复。这项工作的长期目标是通过开发和研究新兴半球侧向化和半球相互作用的神经模型来更好地理解这些问题，因为这些模型从模拟的皮质病变中恢复。这些模型由通过模拟的call体连接的左右皮质区域的网络组成。具体目的是：1。测试模型具有兴奋性的呼叫性连接和间接跨性竞争的假设，可以更好地解释来自生物/行为实验的数据，而不是以前的模型； 2。确定学习一个行为任务如何影响另一个任务横向化的方向/程度； 3。为了确定单个模型中多个基础半球不对称的方式，从而改变了每个单独单独产生的侧向化的方向/程度；和4。在神经生物学上的联想单词学习模型中检查横向化和后半球相互作用，该模型与行为，临床和功能成像数据直接相当。这是使用计算模型更好地理解脑专业化和跨国脱发的系统尝试。结果将直接与正在进行的实验工作有关，对半球功能性不对称和中风后恢复的机制的当前理论具有重要意义，并可能暗示中风患者的新治疗概念。