Mechanisms and evolution of signal pattern recognition

信号模式识别的机制和演变

• 批准号: 6506477
• 负责人: HOWARD Carl GERHARDT
• 金额: $ 22.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6506477
• 关键词: Anura; acoustic nerve; animal communication behavior; auditory discrimination; auditory pathways; evolution; gender difference; hearing; language development; nucleic acid quantitation /detection; phonology; psychoacoustics; psychophysiology; sensory mechanism; sensory signal detection; sound perception; speech; verbal learning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of the proposed research is to gain knowledge about mechanisms and evolution of signal pattern recognition. The research exploits the advantages of acoustic communication in frogs as a model system for exploring: (1) combinations of physical properties of signals that convey biologically significant information; (2) the operating principles by which nervous systems processes and extract such information; and (3) patterns of evolutionary change in signal pattern recognition. Because frogs do not require acoustic experience to produce or to recognize signals, this system can yield knowledge bearing on analogous problems in the recognition and discrimination of speech sounds by infants. That is, all languages draw from a common set of phonetic segments, and infants with little linguistic experience can discriminate among phonetic segments that do not even occur in the language that they will ultimately learn. This research thus addresses questions about inborn mechanisms of pattern recognition that make possible the development of normal speech, which, in turn, is important for human mental health. The proposed research will use playbacks of computer-synthesized signals that simulate male communication sounds; females respond to these sounds with positive phonotaxis and discriminate subtle differences in one or more properties. The research addresses interactions of discrimination criteria based on the frequency content of the signal and differences in fine-scale temporal properties. These interactions will be quantified in two closely related species; these results will then be used to select tests to be conducted with seven other species that are more or less closely related. These data, in conjunction with an independently derived estimate of the phylogenetic relationships of all nine species, will be used to assess how pattern recognition might have evolved. Mechanistic and environmental factors that could explain evolutionary trends will also be identified. Ultimately, this research will be important for framing testable hypotheses about sensory mechanisms underlying pattern recognition and for guiding the execution of such studies.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的总体目标是获得有关机制和信号模式识别的演变的知识。该研究利用了青蛙作为探索模型系统的声学交流的优势：（1）传达具有生物学意义信息的信号的物理特性组合； （2）神经系统处理和提取此类信息的操作原理； （3）信号模式识别的进化变化模式。 由于青蛙不需要声学体验来产生或识别信号，因此该系统可以在婴儿对语音识别和歧视语音歧视时产生有关类似问题的知识。也就是说，所有语言都从一组通用的语音段中汲取灵感，而语言经验很少的婴儿都可以区分语音段之间，这些语音段甚至不会以最终将学习的语言出现。因此，这项研究解决了有关模式识别的先天机制的问题，这使得正常言语的发展有可能，这反过来对人类的心理健康很重要。 拟议的研究将使用计算机合成的信号的播放，以模拟男性交流声音；女性用正音调对这些声音做出反应，并区分一个或多个特性的细微差异。该研究基于信号的频率含量和细尺度时间特性的差异来解决歧视标准的相互作用。这些相互作用将在两个密切相关的物种中进行量化。然后，这些结果将用于选择与其他或多或少密切相关的其他七个物种进行的测试。这些数据以及对所有九种物种的系统发育关系的独立得出的估计，将用于评估模式识别的发展方式。还将确定可以解释进化趋势的机械和环境因素。最终，这项研究对于构架有关模式识别的感觉机制以及指导执行此类研究的感觉机制的可检验假设将很重要。