Using Virtual Reality Technology to Explore the Inner Perceptual World of Autism, Solus/Sublime?

利用虚拟现实技术探索自闭症患者内心感知世界，Solus/Sublime？

基本信息

批准号：
2238192
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Glasgow
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2238192
关键词：
Using Virtual Reality Technology Explore

项目摘要

Overview and Rationale: NB: Correct terms for describing the conditions formallycalled Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are controversial. Here, "autism" isshorthand for ASD, covering also Asperger's Syndrome/Disorder, ChildhoodAutism/Autistic Disorder and PDD-NOS. Autism is a common neuro-developmentalcondition directly affecting at least 1% of the UK population (Baird et al, 2006;Brugha et al, 2013). In recent years it has become clear that although the socialdifficulties which traditionally characterized autism are important, there are sensoryfeatures of this condition which profoundly affect everyday life and may also haveaetiological significance (Pellicano & Burr, 2012). These comprise a combination ofhyper-(or over)sensitivity and hypo-(or under)sensitivity to everyday sensorystimulation, combined with what is known as "sensory seeking" behaviour, whereparticular types of sensory stimulation are sought after. Examples are extremedifficulties in coping with sudden noises or strong smells, unresponsiveness to largetemperature changes and "self-stimulatory" behaviour like repetitive hand-flapping(Robertson & Simmons, 2013). Evidence for these sensory features is now so strongthat they are included as part of the latest diagnostic criteria (APA, 2013).The reports of autistic individuals make clear that their perception is qualitativelydifferent from that of neurotypicals (Grandin, 2008; Fleischmann, 2012). Aspects ofautistic perception commonly reported are a "fragmented world", where the worldseems to consist of isolated objects rather than the coherent whole thatneurotypicals perceive, and "sensory overload" where an accumulation of everydaysensory stimulation becomes overwhelming and can lead to panic attacks (Frith,2003; Robertson & Simmons, 2015). A key difficulty is how to understand the truenature of perception in autism. Most data come from indirect reports, usually fromcaregiver questionnaires reporting their child's reactions to sensory stimulation(Glod et al, 2015). There are several vivid descriptions from individuals able to reporttheir experiences verbally or otherwise (Grandin, 2006;http://carlysvoice.com/home/aboutcarly/), but these lack scientific rigour and mayhave been manipulated by editors and co-authors. A few studies (e.g. Smith & Sharp,2013; Robertson & Simmons, 2015) have explored autistic sensory experience usingqualitative techniques like structured interviews and focus groups, but they arelimited by the ability of autistic individuals to articulate their experiences accurately.Autistic perception has been investigated by direct measurement using thetechniques of perceptual psychophysics in lab-based experiments. However, therehas been little success in matching the results of these experiments with the real-lifeperceptual experiences of autistics, possibly due to a lack of ecological validity (seeSimmons et al, 2009; Haeson et al, 2010). To address these problems we will explorehow to articulate perceptual experience using Virtual Reality (VR) technology.

概述和基本原理：注意：描述正式称为自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的病症的正确术语存在争议。这里，“自闭症”是 ASD 的简写，还包括阿斯伯格综合症/障碍、儿童自闭症/自闭症障碍和 PDD-NOS。自闭症是一种常见的神经发育疾病，直接影响至少 1% 的英国人口（Baird 等，2006；Brugha 等，2013）。近年来，人们已经清楚地认识到，尽管传统上自闭症特征的社会困难很重要，但这种情况的感觉特征深刻影响着日常生活，也可能具有病因学意义（Pellicano & Burr，2012）。这些包括对日常感官刺激的过度（或过度）敏感和低（或不足）敏感的组合，以及所谓的“感官寻求”行为，其中寻求特定类型的感官刺激。例如，应对突然的噪音或强烈的气味极其困难，对大幅温度变化反应迟钝，以及重复拍手等“自我刺激”行为（Robertson & Simmons，2013）。这些感觉特征的证据现在非常有力，以至于它们被纳入最新诊断标准的一部分（APA，2013）。自闭症患者的报告清楚地表明，他们的感知与神经正常人的感知有质的不同（Grandin，2008；Fleischmann，2012）。通常报道的自闭症感知方面是一个“支离破碎的世界”，其中世界似乎由孤立的物体组成，而不是神经典型所感知的连贯整体，以及“感觉超载”，其中日常感觉刺激的积累变得势不可挡，并可能导致恐慌发作（Frith， 2003；罗伯逊和西蒙斯，2015）。一个关键的困难是如何理解自闭症感知的真实本质。大多数数据来自间接报告，通常来自报告孩子对感官刺激反应的看护者问卷调查（Glod 等，2015）。有一些来自能够以口头或其他方式报告其经历的个人的生动描述（Grandin，2006；http://carlysvoice.com/home/aboutcarly/），但这些描述缺乏科学严谨性，并且可能被编辑和合著者操纵。一些研究（例如 Smith & Sharp，2013；Robertson & Simmons，2015）使用结构化访谈和焦点小组等定性技术探索了自闭症的感官体验，但它们受到自闭症患者准确表达其体验的能力的限制。在实验室实验中使用感知心理物理学技术通过直接测量进行研究。然而，可能由于缺乏生态有效性，将这些实验的结果与自闭症患者的现实感知体验相匹配几乎没有成功（参见Simmons等人，2009年；Haeson等人，2010年）。为了解决这些问题，我们将探索如何使用虚拟现实（VR）技术来表达感知体验。