LOCALIZATION OF SOUND BY HUMAN LISTENERS

人类听众对声音的定位

• 批准号: 6634417
• 负责人: WILLIAM M HARTMANN
• 金额: $ 19.36万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-01 至 2005-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6634417
• 关键词: audiometry; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; auditory threshold; auditory tracking; behavioral /social science research tag; binaural hearing; human subject; mathematical model; noise pollution; perceptual maskings; psychoacoustics; sound frequency; sound perception

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) This study investigates the practical effects of room acoustics on the human ability to localize the sources of sound. Room experiments are supplemented by headphone experiments because the goal of the work is to gain a first principles understanding of localization processes. The sound that comes to a listener directly from a source is binaurally coherent, and listeners can use interaural differences in time and level to localize a steady-state sound. Room reflections, however, lead to binaural incoherence. A science of binaural room acoustics is proposed to address the following questions: How much binaural coherence is needed for localization compared to what is available to listeners in rooms? How does binaural incoherence differentially affect the use of interaural time or interaural level information? Does the binaural incoherence model of rooms adequately capture the character of real rooms? What are the perceptual consequences of chaotic deviations from the average incoherence? Listeners can localize transient sounds in a room because of the precedence effect, which suppresses early reflections. Projects of this study ask: What is the role of late reflections and reverberation in suppressing early reflections as they occur in a room? What are the separate roles of interaural time and level differences in the breakdown of the precedence effect that is caused by rapid changes in stimuli? Is it possible for an onset transient to achieve a long term suppression of implausible steady-state localization cues in headphone listening, similar to the Franssen effect that exhibits long term suppression in a room? In addition to the study of room effects, coherence and precedence, this application proposes new technology to synthesize the image of sounds localized in space. It is a variant on current techniques that permit interaural parameters to be varied with unprecedented flexibility and reliability. The technique will be used to supplement the real-room and headphone experiments on binaural coherence and precedence.

描述：（根据研究者的摘要进行了改编）这项研究调查了 房间声学对人类本地化的能力的实际影响 声音来源。房间实验由耳机实验补充 因为工作的目标是获得对 本地化过程。 直接来自源的听众的声音是双耳的 连贯的，听众可以在时间和级别上使用跨性别差异 定位稳态的声音。但是，房间的反射导致双耳 不连贯。提出了双耳室声学科学来解决 以下问题：本地化需要多少双耳连贯性 与房间里的听众可用的相比？双耳如何 不一致会差异地影响使用室内时间或室内的使用 级别的信息？房间的双耳不一致模型是否足够 捕获真实房间的性格？什么是感知后果 混乱的偏差与平均不连贯性？ 由于优先级，听众可以将瞬态声音定位在房间中 效应，抑制了早期反思。这项研究的项目询问：什么是 后期反思和混响在抑制早期反思中的作用 当它们发生在房间里吗？播出时间的不同角色和 级别的级别差异是由 刺激的快速变化？发作瞬态是否有可能实现 长期抑制难以置信的稳态定位线索 耳机聆听，类似于长期表现出的弗朗森效应 在房间里镇压？ 除了研究房间效果，连贯性和优先级外， 应用程序提出了新技术来综合声音本地化的图像 在太空中。这是当前技术的一种变体 参数会随着前所未有的灵活性和可靠性而变化。这 技术将用于补充房间和耳机实验 双耳连贯性和优先级。