LOCALIZATION OF SOUND BY HUMAN LISTENERS

人类听众对声音的定位

• 批准号: 2014267
• 负责人: WILLIAM M HARTMANN
• 金额: $ 12.82万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-01 至 1998-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2014267
• 关键词: audiometry; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; auditory threshold; auditory tracking; behavioral /social science research tag; binaural hearing; decision making; hearing disorders; human subject; mathematical model; model design /development; noise pollution; perceptual maskings; psychoacoustics; sound frequency

This application proposes research on the human ability to localize sound, with special attention given to the effects of rooms. Localization of steady-state noise sources in the azimuthal plane is studied experimentally in a reverberant environment (LRE Project). The experimental data are compared with models of the human binaural system, based upon acoustical measurements with an artificial head and upon psychophysical studies of cross-correlation detection in noise. Reverberant environments are known to constitute a particular difficulty for hearing impaired individuals. Coupled to this study is a test of localization decision theory models (LDT), focusing on the unique circumstances that arise in source localization experiments. Three other projects study localization thought to be mediated by spectral cues. Frequency direction bands are associated with particular directions in space, particularly in the median sagittal plane (MSP), by normal listeners. Project MSP-DB tests the hypothesis that information across direction bands is summable. Project MSP-HI tests hearing-impaired individuals, who have extreme difficulty localizing broadband sources in the MSP to discover whether they have direction bands. If they do, attempts will be made to prefilter signals to restore NISP localization. Project MSP-PE is an in-depth probe of the recent discovery that there is a precedence effect in the MSP that parallels the precedence effect obtained in other planes where binaural differences occur. Project PE-One explores what appears to be a logical consequence of the MSP precedence effect, namely that there should be a localization precedence effect with a single ear. Experiments of graded difficulty are here linked with theory derived from other spectral precedence effect studies. The EXT project proposes a new technique for synthesizing auditory images that are externalized and compactly localized using headphones. The technique is compared with standard head-related transfer function techniques, and four specific applications are suggested if the technique is successful.

该应用程序提出了有关人类本地声音能力的研究， 特别注意房间的影响。 方位平面中稳态噪声源的定位为 在混响环境（LRE项目）中进行了实验研究。这 将实验数据与人类双耳系统的模型进行比较， 基于人造头的声学测量 噪声中互相关检测的心理物理研究。 众所周知，回响环境构成了一个特殊的困难 听力障碍个人。与这项研究相结合是对 本地化决策理论模型（LDT），重点是独特的 来源定位实验中出现的情况。 其他三个项目研究本地化被认为是由光谱介导的 提示。频带带与特定方向相关联 在太空中，尤其是在中间的矢状平面（MSP）中，正常 听众。项目MSP-DB检验了以下假设 方向带是可以总结的。项目MSP-HI测试听力受损 在将宽带来源定位的个人 MSP发现它们是否具有方向带。如果他们这样做， 将尝试以恢复NISP本地化的优先信号进行尝试。 项目MSP-PE是最近发现的深入探究 MSP的优先效应与优先效果相似 在发生双耳差异的其他平面上获得。 项目PE-ONE探讨了似乎是合乎逻辑的结果 MSP优先效应，即应有本地化 一只耳朵的优先效果。分级难度的实验是 这里与来自其他光谱先前效应得出的理论有关 研究。 EXT项目提出了一种用于合成听觉图像的新技术 使用耳机进行外部化和紧凑的定位。这 将技术与标准头部相关的传递功能进行比较 如果该技术，则建议技术和四个特定应用 成功。